Do-it-yourself mapping web service. Part 1: Toolkit Overview

The self-taught Samodelkin’s device became a revelation for the craftsmen

The master is not distinguished by greed, which some masters suffer from, who do not want to share their finds with others and, like a dog in the manger, neither to themselves nor to people. And this self-taught inventor came up with a great device with which you will always be at your best and can even improve your standard of living. Why, you can put such a tool into production and sell it to everyone. Maybe this is too strong a word, but it’s worth thinking about automating and mechanizing all routine work at home.

Products for inventors Link to the store.

8 tools for craftsmen.

You probably haven't seen many of them. Cool instruments are created by DIYers. These devices will help you work more comfortably in the workshop. The video was filmed on the “Hands from Shoulders” channel.

Folding table for the master

1. Let's start with a folding table, which will be an excellent assistant in a small workshop. It will help save an already small area. The table has a compartment for all small things. A shelf on which you can lay out the necessary tools. Thanks to the large number of holes, a clamp can be used to quickly and conveniently fix the workpieces. Stops are inserted into them. It is convenient to fix the parts in a vertical position. If we insert it into the guide bolts, we get additional stops. Having a set of clamps and such a table, you can comfortably perform a variety of jobs.

DIY electronics in a Chinese store.

How to flash a car with your own hands?

We proceed directly to the stages of chipping. Let's look at how to flash a car yourself, through an ELM327 scanner (the latter type of processor, the most common today):

• Prepare all the necessary equipment, charge the laptop, install the tuning program;
• Make sure that everything is fine with the engine, for this it is advisable to diagnose it using a special scanner (you can use free applications for IOS or Android);
• Connect the programmer to the laptop. Devices must remain stationary during the procedure, so securely fasten or place them firmly;
• Connect the adapter to the OBD 2 diagnostic connector (usually located somewhere under the steering wheel, shaped like a trapezoid, with 16 pins);
• Now turn on the car's ignition;

• The laptop will launch Flasher, whose task is to identify errors.
• After fixing the identified problems, you can run the file with the firmware;
• First, the program will display the factory settings of the ECU, then it will replace these parameters and “fill” the ECU’s memory with new ones. If necessary, you can always roll back to factory settings.
• Upon completion of chipping, turn off the ignition and wait 5 minutes;
• Next, the engine starts again, Flasher will carry out a new check. If errors are found, the procedure will need to be completely repeated until they are completely absent.
• Done, you have done chip tuning yourself.

Also, let’s look at how to flash a car yourself via a laptop if you need to modify the ECU (do-it-yourself chip replacement):

1. The first step is to remove the ECU; to do this, you need to remove the panel under the right and left console with your own hands. Proceed carefully even with the power off;
2. To remove the block, carefully remove the latches;
3. Without touching the contacts, remove the connector from the socket;
4. Now you need to unscrew the bolts and remove the ECU (along with the bracket);
5. The next step is to open the power supply and remove the cover;
6. Inside you will find a printed circuit board. Work extremely carefully, as electronic components are very sensitive and can be easily damaged;
7. Remove the chip by gently pressing it upward. If it is sealed, the joints need to be cut with a side cutter;
8. Insert the new chip (microcircuit) in the same way as the old one was installed (if it was soldered, also use a soldering iron);
9. Close the ECU cover and return it to its place by performing the removal steps in reverse order;
10. Done, you managed to replace the chip in the ECU with your own hands. Now move on to the electronic part of the procedure. Its steps are listed in the instructions above.

Well, now you know how to flash the car’s firmware yourself, with your own hands. You have a rough idea of ​​the entire range of tasks, and therefore you can decide on the advisability of independent chip tuning. If you are ready and not afraid of difficulties, go ahead, we believe in you! Before flashing the car yourself, carefully read the instructions and sequence of steps again. When everything works out, you can be congratulated on your successful mastery of a new science. You will definitely become better at understanding the brains of your car, and, who knows, perhaps in the future you will turn into a professional chip tuner? By the way, these days it is a very profitable craft!

Homemade folding stand

2. A very original idea for a folding stand for hand tools. Everyone is in their place. It doesn't take up much space. The design is based on furniture guides. The clamp holds the stand in the upper position. Neodymium magnets prevent instruments from falling out of their stocks. A great idea for DIYers who love to do everything with their own hands.

Conclusion

Assembling a video surveillance server with your own hands is not so difficult. Having determined what software will be used, the operating system, focusing on the tasks and the required number of video surveillance cameras, you can always select the components yourself.

Yes, it may take additional time. Connecting and configuring software is not as easy as with DVRs. But you will receive a system completely tailored to your project (with the possibility of full management and administration). System fault tolerance, security and flexibility of use, a large selection of streaming software functionality - all this makes video servers the most preferable option for use both in the commercial sphere and for your own security.

Homemade apple press

4. If the harvest is large, then the question arises, where to put it? A great option is apple juice. For store-bought juicers, apples need to be cut and peeled, which is inconvenient. The grater shown below can handle whole apples. All that remains for Dali is to squeeze out the resulting mass under pressure. As a result, we get natural, tasty juice and almost dry cake.

Second part

Cheap homemade grinder

8. The most budget version of the grinder, created by the Samodelkins. Plastic bottles are used as rollers. They are mounted on bearings. The belt on the rollers is adjusted using thumbwheels. The tension is adjusted with a bolt. The structure is driven by a drill. You can slightly improve Samodelkin’s design by replacing plastic bottles with polypropylene tubes.

The self-taught self-made man rocked the network with his video

The self-taught inventor captivated the online community of craftsmen with his video, in which he presented a fundamentally new utility model for improving the efficiency of work for craftsmen and those who like to work in the garage. The best part is that it doesn't require you to buy an idea. And what’s more, you can do all this yourself and even a novice master can handle it. All this is to the benefit of every resident of the cities in which the masters have settled, because with such a high level of skill, now you won’t want to hammer the walls at home on weekends or rattle with some kind of ultra-decibel grinding machine of unknown purpose. With such a device, you can safely create your own separate workshop and live the rich life of a Russian craftsman.

Homemade tool rocks the internet

This video shook up the community of invention lovers on the world wide web. The master thought about this idea for years and finally brought to the public discussion an idea that was ingenious in its simplicity and radically profitable for those who used to chisel walls with a hammer drill, realize their inclinations as a woodpecker and a brilliant builder-grinder, and now can make themselves rich for free, working in silence a workshop in a garage or even in a separate building.

And at the same time, you don’t have to spend money and take money saved for beer out of your stash. All this is free - the master loves to show the whole world the useful things he comes up with.

Why do you need chip tuning?

In fact, chip tuning is hacking the factory settings of a car’s electronic control unit (ECU). The word “tuning” itself is translated from English as “tuning”, “adjustment”. To put it simply, chip tuning is the re-programming of an ECU in order to improve its performance.

What role does the control unit perform in a car? It coordinates all electronic processes, collecting data from at least two dozen sensors and transmitting commands to executive units. The ECU controls the operation of the automatic transmission, transmission, cooling system (air conditioning, climate control), controls the mode of gasoline supply to the engine, regulates the operation of the ignition system, examines gas distribution components (determines the level of exhaust toxicity), monitors engine temperatures, processes information about the operation of the ABS, crankshaft, optimizes speed, voltage and other parameters of the wheelbarrow.

This is the main component of the car’s on-board network, its electronic brains. Their initial chip tuning is performed by the manufacturer, and in order to optimize the wear of the internal systems of the car, the capabilities of the ECU are adjusted to average values. At the same time, power suffers and the engine potential is significantly reduced, but for everyday driving these parameters are quite sufficient.

Over time, electronics may begin to lag. Drivers complain about the engine, air conditioning system, increased fuel consumption, etc.

Obviously, the control unit periodically requires reconfiguration. So why not do it yourself, setting the parameter values ​​to maximum? What will it give?

1. The air conditioner will start working better;
2. The speed performance of the car and the dynamics of its acceleration (from 0-100 km/h) are optimized;
3. Fuel consumption will be reduced;
4. The toxicity of exhaust gases will decrease;
5. All on-board computer systems will operate at full capacity;
6. The speed of the gearbox will increase;
7. The car will become more playful, sporty, and powerful.

But we will not discuss the pros and cons of flashing in this article.

Uprooting of seedlings and weeds from a square for homemade people

Good afternoon My long absence from the channel was not in vain; during this time I managed to do a lot of household chores. And of course, I stocked up on a bunch of homemade products that I will show you, my dear subscribers and guests! There is no point in posting everything at once, because this also takes a lot of time, but if possible I will try to post at least one per day. Not only am I sitting at the computer, I can’t leave my workshop. Messing around in the garden is another hobby of mine; I spent a lot of time there in the summer. Caring for plants and weeding, although a pleasant activity, however, also requires a lot of effort. And how I would like to make a lot easier. Wanting alone is not enough, so you need to make useful things yourself that will make your work easier and make it a pleasure, rather than hard labor with a farmhand.

Today I’ll show you a device that I successfully used almost all spring and summer and will, God willing, last for more than one season. Do-it-yourself uprooter To make it, I took a square with walls 40 by 40 mm, 220 mm long. I didn’t cut this length on purpose; I had a lot of such scraps left over from other construction work.

I drew two oblique lines along the walls to the corner of the square. Having cut it out, it turned out to be such a spear. A pipe with a diameter of 25 mm was welded into the inner part of the angle. From the outside I welded a square right in the middle of the square. Instead of a square, you can weld a square, but it seemed to me that it would be more convenient.

A metal handle was installed in the pipe so that it would not break under load, because the force falls mainly on the handle. When working with a flat cutter, some types of weeds still germinate after a certain time, especially after rains. And having ripped it out by the roots, I eliminated this possibility and my garden became well-groomed and beautiful. Without damaging the root system, they can also remove seedlings for replanting, which is what I did at the beginning of the season with strawberries and other plants.

Source

Selection of machines for a house or apartment panel

There are three types of devices used in an electrical panel:

• Machine. Turns the power off and on manually, and also triggers (breaks the circuit) in the event of a short circuit in the circuit.
• RCD (residual current device). It controls the leakage current that occurs when the insulation breaks down or if someone touches the wires. If one of these situations occurs, the circuit is broken.
• Diff. automatic (differential automatic). This is a device that combines two in one housing: it monitors both the presence of short circuit and leakage current.

Differential automatic devices are usually installed instead of a combination - RCD + automatic. This saves space in the panel - it requires one less module. Sometimes this is important: for example, you need to turn on another power line, but there is no space for installation, just like there is no free machine.

A differential automatic machine is installed instead of a combination of an automatic machine and an RCD

In general, two devices are often installed. Firstly, it is cheaper (differential circuit breakers are more expensive), secondly, when one of the protective devices trips, you know exactly what happened and what to look for: a short circuit (if the circuit breaker was turned off) or a leak and possible overcurrent (triggered RCD). You will not find this out when the automatic machine is triggered. Unless you install a special model that has a flag indicating what malfunction the device was triggered by.

Automatic circuit breakers

Circuit breakers are selected according to the current required for consumers of this group. It is calculated simply. Add up the maximum power of all simultaneously connected devices in the group, divide by the network voltage - 220 V, and get the required current power. Take the device rating a little higher, otherwise when all loads are turned on, it will turn off due to overload.

For example, adding up the power of all devices in a group, we got a total value of 6.5 kW (6500 W). Divide by 220 V, we get 6500 W / 220 V = 29.54 A.

What numbers on the body mean what?

The current ratings of the circuit breakers can be as follows: (in A) 6, 10, 16, 20, 25, 32, 40, 50, 63. The closest larger one to the given value is 32 A. This is what we are looking for.

Types and types of RCD

There are two types of RCDs: electronic and electronic-mechanical . The difference in price for a device with the same parameters is large - electronic-mechanical ones are more expensive. But you need to purchase them for a shield in your house or apartment. There is only one reason: they are more reliable, since they operate regardless of the presence of power, while electronic ones require power to operate.

For example, the situation is this: you are repairing wiring, for example, a socket, and for this purpose you have de-energized the network - turned off the input circuit breaker. In the process, the insulation was damaged somewhere. If an electro-mechanical RCD is installed, it will operate even in the absence of power. You will realize that you did something wrong and will look for the reason. Electronic equipment is inoperative without power, and if you turn on a network with damaged insulation, you may have problems.

To understand which device is in front of you, it is enough to have a small battery and a couple of wires on hand. Battery power is supplied to any pair of RCD contacts. The electro-mechanical one will work, but the electronic one will not. More details about this in the video.

Next, RCDs are distinguished by the type of current to changes in which they respond:

• type AC - alternating sinusoidal current;
• type A - alternating current + pulsating direct current;
• type B - alternating + pulsating direct + rectified current.

It turns out that type B provides the most complete protection , but these devices are very expensive. For a house or apartment panel, type A is quite sufficient , but not AC, which are mostly sold because they are cheaper.

In addition to the type of RCD, it is selected by current. Moreover, according to two parameters: nominal and leakage . A nominal one is one that can pass through the contacts without destroying (melting) them. The rated current of the RCD is taken one step higher than the rated current of the machine installed in pair with it. If a machine is needed for 25 A, then take an RCD for 40 A.

In terms of leakage current, everything is even simpler: only two ratings are installed in electrical distribution boards for apartments and houses - 10 mA and 30 mA. 10 mA is placed on a line with one device, for example, a gas boiler, washing machine, etc. as well as in rooms where a high degree of protection is necessary: ​​in a children's room or bathroom. Accordingly, a 30 milliamp RCD is installed in lines that include several consumers (devices) - on sockets in the kitchen and rooms. Such protection is rarely installed on lighting lines: there is no need, except for street lighting or in a garage.

What numbers on the body mean what?

RCDs also have different response delay times. They are of two types:

• S - selective - triggers after a certain time after the appearance of the leakage current (quite a long period of time). They are usually placed at the entrance. Then, if an emergency occurs, the device on the damaged line is first turned off. If the leakage current remains, then the “senior” selective RCD will operate - usually this is the one located at the input.
• J - also triggers with a delay (protection against random currents), but with a much shorter delay. This type of RCD is placed in groups.

Differential circuit breakers come in the same types as RCDs and are selected in the same way. Only when determining power by current do you immediately consider the load and determine the rating.

For a few explanations on installing a built-in cabinet for a panel and the connection procedure, see the video from a practitioner and generalist.

One important detail that is important for safety. There is a “test” button on the RCD or differential circuit breaker. When it is pressed, a leakage current is artificially created and the device must operate - the switch goes to the “off” position and the line is de-energized. This is how functionality is checked. This must be done at least once a month to be sure of the reliability of the protection. Check all the RCDs in the circuit one by one. It is important.

This is probably all the information you need to assemble an electrical panel with your own hands. You may also need to learn more about how to divide the workload into groups; read about that here.

A simple cheap homemade device for picking berries

We recommend this device for DIYers.

Gooseberries are a tasty and healthy berry. The plant itself is quite unpretentious and does not require any special care. The berries grow large and are quite convenient to pick. And everything would be fine if not for the prickly gooseberry branches. Because of these garden “cacti,” my hands used to constantly have small scratches. And several times you will think “do you need it - there are so many berries” before you climb deep into the bush for the harvest. But a few years ago my husband made my life easier. He spotted one very simple but useful device for picking berries on the Internet. What is it used for and how is it useful?

In fact, such a picker can be used not only for collecting gooseberries. I also use it to collect any other berries/fruits in hard-to-reach places that I can’t easily reach with my hand. For example, to remove plums, cherries or apples from high branches. How to make a device for picking gooseberries? Everything ingenious is simple! Take a plastic bottle and cut a droplet-shaped hole on the side. Depending on what berries/fruits your picker is intended for, this is the diameter of the drop. For gooseberries, 5-7 cm is enough, for apples and plums more, so that you don’t have to aim for a long time and try to hit the fruit. The volume of the bottle will also depend on what you are collecting. For berries, a 0.5 liter bottle is better.

The droplet's nose should be directed towards the bottom of the bottle. You can also make a cut a couple of centimeters in continuation of the spout so that the branch can be better grasped. That's it, our device is ready! We will pick berries by holding it by the neck.

It really is much easier to do this with him. Not only do your hands remain scratch-free, but the work also goes faster. After all, the harvested crop will be poured into the top of the bottle. Accordingly, there is no need to “climb out” of the bush after each berry, put the harvest in a can or jar and climb again. Plus, we can get berries even from the most inaccessible places. And the most important thing is that such a device is made in 3 minutes, does not cost a penny, and makes life much easier. If it gets lost or dirty, no problem - we’ll do another one without any problems! So, gardeners, take action! If the article was useful to you, give it a “thumbs up” and subscribe to the channel for summer residents and gardeners “SADOёZH”. Source

Self-assembly of a server in a computer store

You don’t always need to buy a ready-made video server if you can assemble it yourself. Based on the recommendations, you can select components for the task.

CPU:

The processor should be selected based on the number of cameras and the bitrate from all of them. For 30 2MPx cameras, an Intel Core 2 Duo E7500 is suitable, and for 50 cameras, an Intel Xeon 2650. See the table for more details.

Video card:

Any will do. It is only needed to display information on the monitor.

Motherboard:

The choice of motherboard should be based on:

• Socket and processor model.
• The number of PCIe slots for connecting a video card (if discrete), a SATA controller (if available) and a network adapter (if discrete).
• Number of SATA ports for connecting HDD and SSD. The number of SATA ports must be selected based on the desired amount of memory and HDD plus SSD models. You can also use an M.2 SSD, but keep in mind that such SSDs will still use either SATA or PCIe lanes. It is advisable that the BIOS settings of the motherboard have a setting for the system to autostart after the power supply is supplied to the input of the power supply. This is necessary in case there is a power outage at the site. And this function allows the north to turn on automatically again. This option is present in many motherboard models.

RAM:

The amount of RAM depends on the bitrate from all cameras on the server. The higher the bitrate, the more RAM you will need. But from 4 GB or more.

Hard drives for the operating system:

For the OS, you should give preference to an SSD of any size from 60 GB (for greater system fault tolerance, you can use 2 SSDs that will operate in software RAID1 mode).

Hard drives for storing video from cameras:

When choosing a HDD, you must first be guided by the desired archive depth and determine the capacity of the entire storage system. The capacity of each individual hard drive must be selected based on the available SATA ports on the motherboard, taking into account the occupied ports for media under the OS.

To find out the required hard drive size, you can use a calculator. Among the models, you should pay attention to those special for video surveillance from the WD Purple, Seagate SkyHawk, Toshiba S300 series. They are characterized by a greater mean time between failures under similar operating conditions. But any hard drive will do.

Power supplies:

The power supply should be selected based on the power of the entire system and the number of SATA devices. Typically, a 450W power supply is enough even for a CPU with a TDP of up to 150W, like the Intel Xeon E5-2687W. You can simply use a power supply power calculator. It is advisable to calculate the number of SATA connectors for power based on the number of all SATA media. You can use splitters (Molex - SATA x2 and so on). As a recommendation: PSU ACCORD ACC-450W-80BR.

LAN card:

The network card built into the motherboard does not always cope with a constantly high load during operation, so it is worth initially installing a discrete network card. It should be selected based on the total bitrate from all cameras on the server. One network port is enough. Server load up to 100 Mbit/s - 100 Mbit/s network card, server load up to 1000 Mbit/s - 1000 Mbit/s network card. The TP-LINK TG-3468 gigabit network card is a good option.

CPU cooler:

You can choose a cooler based on the TDP parameter of the processor. If the TDP of the processor is 100W, then the dissipated power of the cooler should be at least 100W, and preferably more. It is important to consider the processor socket. The cooler must be compatible with it. It is important to remember the dimensions of the cooler. A cooler that is too tall will not fit into the case, so this must be planned in advance.

Case and cooling system:

When choosing a case you should pay attention to:

• The size of the motherboard you have chosen.
• Number of seats for 3.5” (HDD) and 2.5” (SSD) devices.
• Complete set of fans or seats for them.
• A rigid mount for an SSD does not matter, whereas for an HDD it is very important.
• Availability of dust filters. Fans are required.
• There should be at least two fans in the case: 1 for blowing in, cooling the HDD, 1 for blowing out, preferably both 120 mm.

We recommend 4U server enclosures (for example ExeGate 4U450-07/4U4017S).