15 fresh workshop business ideas for one person

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What products can you create or repair with your own hands, working at home or in the garage? In this collection we will continue the topic of business in the format of mini-workshops.

The events of recent years, taking into account self-isolation due to coronavirus and the trend towards remote work, have made many people think about looking for ideas for making money from home or in the country. In your comfort zone, you can work alone not only with a laptop in your hands, but also, in fact, with your own hands, for example, by organizing a mini-workshop for repairing something or a small production area in the garage or in a spare room. Previously, the portal already published a selection of mini-productions at home, but now we will continue the topic.

Workshop of gingerbread boards and figured rolling pins

In recent years, such a household item as a rolling pin has changed significantly. On Instagram you can find hundreds of examples of so-called shaped rolling pins - with floral patterns, cat patterns or even images from Star Wars. You can create such rolling pins using a CNC machine, by gluing sawn plywood onto a wooden cylinder, or by modeling and printing the pattern on a mold using a 3D printer. You don’t have to limit yourself to rolling pins—the assortment can include gingerbread boards with unusual gingerbread molds.

photos of works from Instagram page @lubimova_com

Selecting the type of ventilation

The ventilation design must be selected based on the architectural features of the building, the presence of an inspection hole in it, the structure of its foundation, as well as the method of insulation and waterproofing.

Handmade watch

Many popular and quite budget ideas can be found using hashtags on social networks related to the manufacture of handmade watches. Some works are real works of art, but there are simpler examples that you can create yourself without much effort. To get your imagination going, you can simply search for watch blanks on the Internet or do-it-yourself watch kits from China. Another option is to take a closer look at the surrounding natural materials and household items. Perhaps you will see unusual hands in a grapevine, or the basis for a future dial in an old children's plate. Social networks like Instagram are perfect for presenting finished products; in the future, you can also launch an online watch store.

photo of work from Instagram @kodzu_art

Chip extraction from the sewer riser

To make a chip extractor from plastic sewer fittings, you will need the following tools and materials.
Read also: The lead angle of the thread is

Materials

PVC Sewer pipe ø 100 mm;
PVC pipe ø 40 mm;
hose;
rivets;
glue stick;
fixing rings - clamps;
two 2-liter bottles;
5 liter eggplant.

Step-by-step instructions for assembling a chip ejector

The neck of the sewer riser is cut off, leaving a section 1 m long.
The plastic bottle is cut, leaving a part of the cylinder with a cone, neck and stopper.
Holes are drilled in both plugs. The plugs are glued together with a gun and tightened with a clamp.
The cut bottle is inserted into the lower hole of the riser. The connection is sealed with hot glue and tightened with a clamp.
A hole ø 40 mm is cut into the side of the PVC pipe. A pipe 70 mm long is inserted into it. The joints are sealed.
3 circles ø 100 mm are cut out of tin using a jigsaw.
A hole ø 40 mm is cut in the center of each circle.
The resulting disks are cut in half.
The halves are sequentially connected to each other with rivets, resulting in a screw.
A PVC pipe ø 40 mm is threaded inside the spiral. The pipe is connected to the screw with hot melt adhesive.
The entire structure is pulled into the riser so that the upper part of the pipe protrudes 100 mm above the riser opening. In this case, the auger must remain inside the cyclone body.
The neck and bottom of a 5-liter eggplant are cut off so that the lower part of the cone fits tightly onto the upper end of the sewer pipe. The outer diameter of the connection is glued with a gun.
The upper hole of the neck is glued to the outlet of the inner pipe.
A storage bottle is screwed into the bottom cap.
Hoses are inserted into a horizontal pipe, the second end of which is connected to the nozzle of the shavings and sawdust collector of a woodworking machine (circuit saw, router or other equipment).
The vertical outlet is connected to the branch pipe by the hoses of the vacuum cleaner. The chip ejector is ready for use.

Smartphone repair shop

Today, almost every person has a smartphone in their pocket. The breakdown of a gadget has become akin to a disaster, and the demand for such services is very high. Therefore, you can do repairs at home, accepting orders without having a workshop on the first line of houses. As a rule, 10-15 square meters are enough for work, and about 50 thousand rubles will be enough for tools and equipment for repairs. The spare parts and components themselves are usually purchased in China. Even if you open such a business as expected, that is, with registration of an individual entrepreneur and renting premises, the investment will amount to about 150 thousand rubles and, with proper advertising, will pay off quite quickly. You can read more about opening your own phone repair shop in this article.

HOD IN THE HOME WORKSHOP

M-K magazine has already published my article on local exhaust ventilation (with a cyclone) for a woodworking lathe in issue No. 2 for 2022. The hood works quite effectively, but only for sucking out sawdust (that is, in a small area).

There was also an overhead fan from an industrial freezer with blades with a diameter of 300 mm. He worked for me for a long time, almost from the time the workshop was built, and “saved” me from harmful gases, especially during welding work.

Production of furniture for pets

One of the trends of recent years is unusual furniture for pets. These are all kinds of booths, beds, running wheels, slides, scratching posts, cat hammocks and much more. The production cost of such products is small (usually within 1-5 thousand rubles), and large premises for a workshop and warehouse are not required. The abundance of new products in this industry is amazing, but in an effort to surprise the buyer, we must not forget about the animals themselves. So, for example, cats usually like closed spaces, tunnels, hills, and the ability to watch from a shelter from additional windows. The main thing in this area is to choose your niche and your style. For example, you can specialize in creating wooden houses and castles for rodents, where the competition is not so great.

Operating principle of aspiration units

How to update a kitchen set with your own hands: options for restoring old furniture

The aspiration system of a woodworking shop has a complex structure, each element of which is subject to precise calculations during installation. A standard aspiration system consists of the following parts:

Dust fan (creates draft, increases pressure);
Large chip catcher (usually implemented using a cyclone);
Pollution removal system;
Bag filters that pass through air from which contaminants have been removed;
Containers for collecting contaminants.

How does a wood waste aspiration system work? The air flow, forced by the fan, pulls out sawdust and directs it into the sorting compartment of the system. A large particle catcher separates them from the air flow and discharges them into a storage hopper, where they are formed into blocks for subsequent disposal. Air containing fine dust particles passes through a dust extractor and filters, where it is cleaned of impurities. The purified air masses are removed outside the workshop or returned to the premises through a recirculation system.

The design of the aspiration installation for a woodworking shop is developed based on several factors:

number and location of machines;
energy consumption of devices;
climatic conditions;
required power.

The calculation of the system and its installation should be carried out by specialists in this field of technical support for enterprises. Only they will be able to take into account in detail all the conditions of the workshop and select the necessary design elements.

Microwave oven repair

Repair of small equipment, such as microwave ovens, can be done both on-site and at home, buying broken equipment and then reselling it. 20 thousand rubles will be enough for all the necessary tools and consumables (soldering irons, brackets, screwdrivers, multimeter, soldering station, etc.). Another 10-15 thousand rubles can be set aside for paid advertisements on sites like Yuly and Avito. If you do not take into account the costs of acquiring repair knowledge and transportation costs in investments, it is quite possible to start working in this area with 30-35 thousand rubles.

Explosion and fire protection

The listed arguments alone are enough to turn the ventilation scheme in the garage from a convention into a really popular project.

It should also be taken into account that the accumulation of explosive fuel vapors in a closed room significantly increases the likelihood of a fire from a short circuit in the wiring, when the lights are turned on, during a thunderstorm and from fireworks sparks flying from the street.

Backgammon workshop

One of the options for your own mini-business is a specialized carpentry workshop for the production of unique backgammon. All the basic “recipes” are on YouTube. If you want to develop such a production, you need to think about ways to give wood an antique look (for example, firing) and find those types that will look expensive after processing. You also need to try to choose decent fittings and hinges, and most importantly, find your “trick”. Or chips. For example, some craftsmen build NFC chips into them and integrate them with mobile applications so that players do not forget the turn order. You can post your work on social networks and on bulletin boards such as “Avito” and “Yula”.

photo from Instagram page @nardishki

Types of ventilation in a workshop or workshop

The type and composition of the ventilation system used in a particular workshop or workshop are determined by the specific qualities of the room. Factors influencing the choice of system are:

workshop dimensions, room volume
presence of technological openings, sizes of windows and doors
roof structure, ceiling height
composition of equipment, technological processes taking place in the workshop
use of harmful or dangerous components, materials
presence of painting, welding work, use of gas or gasoline burners
other factors or technological features

These and other factors determine the type of ventilation equipment and its performance. There are different types of ventilation systems that can be used in certain conditions. Let's take a closer look at them.

Forced ventilation

Forced ventilation is a system that operates using mechanical means of providing air exchange. The main elements of such systems are:

The fan creates an air flow that is distributed through an air duct system to all areas or individual rooms. The exhaust air is discharged outside using the same fans, only directing the flow in the opposite direction.

Forced ventilation has many advantages:

stable and adjustable air exchange mode
no dependence on external factors
The volumes of incoming and outgoing air can be changed as needed
the system is created on the basis of preliminary calculations and is able to fully satisfy all the requirements of SNiP or SanPin

The disadvantages of forced ventilation include:

high cost of equipment
dependence on the availability of power supply. Lack of energy means the system stops working
equipment requires maintenance; if it fails, it needs to be replaced, which creates certain costs

Despite the need for financial investments, in most cases the preferred option is forced ventilation, which allows meeting all air exchange requirements regardless of external factors.

Natural ventilation

Natural ventilation is based on the movement of air flows due to pressure differences inside and outside the premises. This air exchange option is extremely simple and does not require any financial investment. For air flow to occur, all you need is a hole through which air can get inside. At the same time, the regime of natural movement of flows is extremely unstable and depends on a lot of external factors:

air temperature
pressure outside and inside
Direction of the wind
weather

At the same time, the natural air exchange mode can change independently depending on changes in conditions inside or outside the room. Therefore, the use of natural ventilation is limited; most often this method is an additional option suitable for non-critical premises.

In a workshop or workshop, natural ventilation is a completely possible option, but for certain types of technology or specific equipment it is not suitable.

Production of wooden flowerpots

Wooden flower pots are a fairly easy item to make and can sell for a high price. Simple outdoor flowerpots are created without professional tools and from the remains of timber and clapboard lying around after renovation. On the Internet you can find examples of how to make flowerpots using firing, treating them with an antiseptic and water-based varnish with dyes. Naturally, to speed up the work you will need at least a circular saw and grinders, but there is nothing super complicated in the technology.

Simple and free draft

Natural ventilation ensures the flow of street air masses through the ventilation openings by creating an ordinary draft. It also removes damp air and toxic fumes from the garage.

This design is convenient in that it does not require voltage to operate and therefore can be built even by a car enthusiast who does not have construction and engineering skills.

Basket weaving workshop

The first thing that comes to mind when you hear the word “basket” is an ordinary basket in which “mushrooms and berries” are carried, or simply food and things. But the scope of application of baskets is much wider. You can weave unusual laundry baskets, make urns, or start a small business weaving basket houses for pets. The vine can be either purchased or collected in places where willow grows (and not necessarily with your own hands - you can negotiate a low fee with local residents). And if you have a plot of land, you can try to plant cuttings yourself. Preparations are usually cut either in May before flowering, or already in August, when the shoots have grown. There are not many tools in this matter. Usually this is a carpenter's knife, a metal spatula and rope. The workspaces are also small, although it is better to spot a storage area in advance. You can learn this business both for free through video lessons and from live teachers. Here, as they say, there would be a desire. For example, the desire to type two words into a search engine - “wicker weaving courses.”

General rules for natural and forced ventilation

Natural and forced ventilation can be done independently. Despite the fundamental differences in the operation of these systems, there are general recommendations for independent design and installation:

the inlet opening is located as low as possible, but not lower than 15 cm from the floor level;
the inlet opening must be covered with a mesh or grate to prevent clogging and protect against rodents;
the outlet is located at the maximum possible height;
the direction of movement of the exhaust air is arranged horizontally or L-shaped;
to ensure productive traction, the distance between the inlet and outlet openings must be at least 3 meters.
the removed outlet pipe is equipped with an umbrella or placed under a canopy to prevent precipitation from entering the pipe.

Thus, the ventilation system is a necessary engineering device, regardless of the purpose of the garage. The choice of the design principle of the air exchange system is carried out taking into account the volume of exhaust air, the area of the room, as well as the regularity of use.

Making kites

You don't need expensive materials to make kites. Usually these are wooden slats or metal tubes for the frame, paper or fabric for the “body,” as well as fishing line, fasteners and a winder for “connection with the ground.” Finding tutorials on how to make your own kites is not difficult. As your experience grows, you can find your style and gradually raise the price tag. Kites do not need to be sold, but can also be rented out, for example, for wedding photo shoots.

We organize ventilation of the garage cellar

As an example, let's take a 6 m long garage with a separate 2 x 3 m basement and an inspection pit. It is important to observe one condition here: the air of the garage and ditch should not penetrate inside the vegetable storage, as suggested by the diagrams of some online resources.

Recommendation. Lay separate ventilation ducts into the cellar that are not connected to other rooms.

How to properly vent a basement hood in a garage:

Through the ceiling, lead 2 vertical air ducts into the underground storage - supply and exhaust.
Lower the inflow pipe to a height of 10-20 cm above the floor, and bring the other end outside along the shortest path.
The exhaust duct starts under the ceiling of the cellar, passes through the car box in transit and rises above the roof (height 1.5-2 m).

It is not allowed to place the overflow pipe from the inspection pit into the vegetable cellar; only fresh air must be supplied there

Advice. Be sure to insulate the transit section of the vertical pipe crossing the garage space. Otherwise, the heated and humid basement air will begin to release condensation from contact with the cold walls. You will not achieve the desired result - the removed moisture will drain back into the storage.

Install the air ducts from the same gray plastic pipes with rubber sealing rings in the sockets. An alternative option is asbestos cement, but it is more difficult to install due to its considerable weight and the lack of factory fittings.

The supply air duct is brought into the basement in two ways:

pass the ventilation duct through the basement floor into the box, turn it with your knee and go out through the wall (height 200-500 mm from ground level);
immediately go through the basement wall, turn upward and vertically bring the pipe out into the street through the blind area.

This is what the movement of air flows in the box and cellar looks like (top view).
The second option will be cheaper if you install the air duct during the construction process, when there is no blind area around the building. In a finished garage, it is better to implement the first method - carefully drill through the wall with the ceiling and install the supply ventilation duct with your own hands.

Do not forget to insulate the upper section that intersects the box, otherwise it will “sweat” from the outside. For an example of arranging complex garage ventilation, see the video:

Workshop of wood products

If you live near a body of water, on the banks of which you can find a lot of driftwood - that is, bog wood turned in water, you can use this material to create handmade products. The shape of the finds will best tell you what exactly to create. Sometimes the end result may be an unusual, but necessary stool in everyday life. And sometimes flexible and intricate branches can give you an idea for a sculpture of some sea creature or some wall figure in the form of a fish or bird, which would be an excellent gift for fishermen or hunters. By the way, if you have an echo sounder, you can not only produce, but also search for stained wood for sale, because it is quite expensive.

Photo from drevologia.ru

Metal drawing and its types

Setting up a workshop with your own hands
The main types of rotary metal drawing:

Step molding

A sheet blank in the shape of a circle is fixed between the mandrel and the support. The mandrel must match the internal configuration of the product. The drive begins to rotate the blank, and controlled forming pressure is carried out by a special passive roller driven by the rotation of the blank. Pressure is applied in both longitudinal and radial planes. The roller presses the metal against the mandrel and moves along a complex curve, either towards the edge of the blank or back.

The clamping is carried out in several passes, in steps. At the end of the treatment, a series of smoothing movements of the roller are carried out with reduced pressure to obtain a high-quality surface.

Projection - One-Pass Molding

Extraction is carried out in one pass. The roller moves parallel to the mandrel, depending on the angle of its installation, the wall of the blank is thinned more or less, its material moves under the influence of the roller in the axial direction.

Projection - One-Pass Molding

The method is characterized by efficiency and dimensional accuracy, as well as a high class of the resulting surface.

Rolling with or without mandrel

In this case, the outer diameter of the workpiece is reduced with a simultaneous thickening of its wall due to the redistribution of the material. Rolling is carried out towards the center, in several passes.

Rolling with or without mandrel

As an option, the part is formed by individual segments of the mandrel using a roller with an offset center. Cutting, additional profiling or flanging are carried out as final operations.

Combined

For parts with complex configurations, stepwise forming, rolling, profiling and cutting are used together in various combinations.

Creating people from fittings and pipes

One of the popular gifts for men recently has become the so-called pouring men (or dispenser men) made from fittings and plumbing pipes. Sometimes you can see something similar, for example, lamp men in the steampunk style, in all sorts of loft establishments and bars. What is especially surprising about this idea is the process of transformation: when several rather inexpensive materials suddenly turn into a unique gift that can cost 5-7 thousand rubles, or even more than 10. If you google the topic, you will see that similar gifts are given to representatives of completely different professions. There are already football player dispensers with balls and waiter dispensers with trays, border guard dispensers with border posts and traffic police dispensers with traffic police batons on the market. If your city or town doesn’t have such an idea yet, then perhaps it’s your turn to implement it.

Stove chimney as an element of the ventilation system

Since in winter many motorists heat their garages with wood and oil stoves, a number of points should be taken into account when organizing air exchange:

A boiler or furnace requires air to burn fuel. The heater takes it directly from the room, so you need to take care of replenishment - ensure an influx from outside.
A properly installed stove chimney is a good exhaust hood that works constantly, even when the flame in the firebox goes out.
From the previous paragraph it follows: the chimney pipe easily replaces the ventilation duct, so there is no point in assembling a separate hood. One condition: after extinguishing the stove and leaving the box, fully open the damper - the draft regulator in order to improve air exchange.

The stove chimney, with the draft regulator open, is capable of removing a sufficient amount of air

Food for thought. Often, owners of garages and private houses are prejudiced against ventilation. Argument: together with the removed air mass, the building loses heat. We answer: the amount of losses directly depends on the inflow - how much air the grille lets in, how much air the hood releases to the street.

Conclusion: adjust the cross-section of the inlet openings with doors and gates. The ideal option is to install a supply wall valve.

Adjustable inlet valve built into the external wall

Handmade boxes

A popular business idea among both men and women is the creation of handmade boxes. The box is a small-sized product, so you can make it at home, working, for example, as a business in a garage. Boxes are made from wood, plywood, jute, cardboard, stone - and they all have their own subtleties and wisdom. To begin with, you can buy ready-made blanks from Aliexpress or the Crafts Fair and practice decorating, and then you can fully master the entire production technology. As in any field, it is advisable to create a unique selling proposition. For example, a business in unusual wooden boxes is suitable for those who live near unusual types of wood.

Materials for making your own exhaust device

To make an exhaust structure in the garage with your own hands, you will need:

duct fan;
fasteners and clamps;
gaskets, sealant;
cement, polyurethane foam and putty;
air duct pipes. You can buy ready-made ones made of stainless steel or galvanized steel, or you can save a little by using plastic sewer pipes of the appropriate diameter. The disadvantage of sewer pipes is their non-standard nature and the need to make an additional adapter to connect the fan.

Additionally, you will need tools for drilling and tightening screws, and various spatulas.

The fan has special requirements. Its parameters must meet the following indicators:

power – 20-50 W;
power supply 220 V;
diameter of the air channel – 120-150 mm;
the amount of air volume distilled is 150-300 m3/h;
the atmospheric pressure created in the air duct is 50-100 Pa.

These parameters are necessary for painting a car so that you get an excellent result and nothing threatens the health of the master.

Making plastic trees

The abundance of plastic waste always makes us look for ways to reuse it. One way to use empty plastic bottles is to create plastic trees and plants. That is, palm trees, pine trees, tall cacti, and so on. All you need for the job are the bottles themselves, brown and green, stakes, wire, scissors, screws and a little imagination. There are plenty of master classes on creating such trees on the Internet, and some craftsmen go further, creating colored monkeys, parrots and other fauna from plastic. You can offer your products through online bulletin boards and working to order. In rural areas, rumors about new craftsmen spread quite quickly.

Gluing and protective and decorative coating

These are the main operations after the manufacture and assembly of the parts themselves.
And for their implementation certain conditions are required. A barn is not a house; it is not heated. When I started carpentry, I realized that I couldn’t glue or paint it, because it was already winter outside and the workshop was too cold; I couldn’t even store materials at that temperature. At the same time, it is uncomfortable to work in a cold workshop. This, of course, upset me very much, because insulating the barn would have been quite expensive. I recommend that you either immediately take care of insulation, or during the cold season, do gluing and painting in other warm rooms.

Open workshop

When choosing a workshop idea, you can go from the inside out and offer people an open workshop where they can work themselves. Essentially, this can be called renting out a workshop, but if you approach the matter more creatively and offer clients more space, a variety of tools and machines, then your startup can be called a craft coworking. In this case, you can also act as an intermediary between artisans and people who want to receive training from them or attend a master class. Of course, an open workshop should look neater and more visually appealing than a regular open workshop.

Mikhail Semynin

(c) www.openbusiness.ru - portal of business plans and guides for starting a small business
09/22/2021
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How to make ventilation in a garage or workshop, quickly and cheaply

In a poorly ventilated garage with high humidity, a car can literally rust before our eyes.
Humidity significantly affects the rate of corrosion. Also, vapors of gasoline, oils, and gases must be removed in a timely manner and not accumulate. It is dangerous to be and work in a poorly ventilated garage or workshop. These buildings are equipped with regulated ventilation, both to preserve equipment and to ensure the safety and health of people. How to make simple ventilation in the garage that will provide sufficient air exchange? You can use the simplest and most practical solutions...

The simplest ventilation for a garage

Any ventilation system has an inlet and an outlet for air movement. Therefore, the garage or workshop will have to be equipped with an inlet and an exhaust pipe.

An inlet in the wall in which the garage door is located. It is located in the lower corner, 0.5 meters from the soil, so that it does not get covered with snow. It is covered with a fine metal mesh, preventing rodents and insects, and is equipped with a door and blinds on the inside to regulate the amount of air exchange.
The exhaust is installed in the opposite wall from the garage door in the upper corner or through the roof. To ensure normal traction, it is equipped with a vertical pipe (pipe with an elbow) with a diameter of 100 mm and a height of at least 1.5 meters from the installation level. From above, the pipe is protected from precipitation by an umbrella and a deflector. The outer part of the pipe is thermally insulated.

The inlet and exhaust are installed diagonally across the garage

How to ventilate a hole in a garage

In existing garages, the largest amount of moisture from the ground is released in the pits, since, as a rule, there is no waterproofing. This moisture just gets to the bottom of the car... If an unventilated pit is also covered with shields (which usually happens), natural air exchange in it is disrupted, and in addition to humidity, an accumulation of dangerous gases heavier than air can occur, as well as stratification of air and the deposition of carbon dioxide... you need remember this.

You can insert a 110 mm pipe into it, supplying a fresh stream of air from the wall. But for this you will have to use your knees, dig a ditch for its installation...

More often they use natural air exchange in the pit from a stream of air passing through the garage from the inlet to the exhaust. The colder air from outside tends to fall and will wash over the pit. To ensure ventilation, covering panels are placed at intervals and windows are left in the ceiling of the pit.

Features of ventilation of the cellar in the garage

It is not uncommon for garages to also have a cellar for storing food. In this case, it is necessary to organize a separate supply of fresh air from the street into this cellar, and the movement of air in the direction “from the cellar to the general exhaust” so that gasoline and oil vapors do not enter the cellar.

A supply pipe with a diameter of 100 mm, from the wall, through the ceiling of the cellar to its floor, equipped with a rodent mesh and an air quantity regulator.
An exhaust hole in the ceiling of the cellar, in its hatch, or in an inspection ditch; as an option, it is possible to make an outlet from the exhaust pipe directly into the cellar, although this is not necessary.

For cellar ventilation, you need to install a damper-regulator on the inlet so that it does not overheat in the summer and does not freeze in the winter. But it is imperative to organize the flow of fresh air into the cellar directly from the street (and not from the garage with gasoline vapors...) in order to prevent the accumulation of carbon dioxide and harmful gases and humidity....

How to ensure standard air exchange, what ventilation is according to standards

How to make ventilation in a garage according to the requirements of the Rules, so that it is “dry and fresh”... Without going into details and calculations, we will present the known data on ensuring standard ventilation for a garage with one stored car, but without performing work that generates harmful vapors and gases.

Air renewal - at least 2 times per hour, or air exchange more than 150 cubic meters per hour. (MGSN 5.01-01 “Parking for passenger cars”)
Renewing the air in the inspection ditch in which work is being carried out - at least 10 times per hour. (VSN 01-89). But this, if people are there constantly, is a condition for the constant presence of people in small-volume mines below ground level...

To ensure standard air exchange, the dimensions of ventilation openings in garage structures must be appropriate, as follows...

Dimensions of holes and pipes for garage ventilation

In summer, natural draft is usually small; air speeds of no more than 1 m/s develop in the supply and exhaust openings. The increase is hampered by aerodynamic drag. But in winter, the thrust can be significant, with speeds of up to 5 m/s, so they use the closing of the dampers.

From the conditions “1 m/s in the pipe” and the standard “at least 150 m3/hour” we learn that the area of the hole in the wall (as well as the exhaust pipe) should be about 0.05 m2. or the pipe must have a diameter of 245 mm in diameter.

Therefore, two 110 mm exhaust pipes of a standard sewer pipe will do...

But a small grid on the supply reduces the actual cross-sectional area by 2 times, so we will need to equip a grated hole with an area of about 0.1 square meters. This is a bit much, it is more advisable to make 2 pieces, 150x300 mm each.

How to do ventilation in a garage in practice

Heating stoves are often installed in garages, which act as hoods. Their pipe usually has a diameter of 110 - 200 mm, is an excellent hood, even in summer it develops a natural draft speed of more than 1 m/s and is not covered with a mesh. The air intake is carried out near the floor, through the vent, which must be open.

If there is no stove, then such a pipe must be installed for ventilation purposes, according to the principles given above. When creating it, two points can be taken into account - insulate the outer part, since otherwise condensation from the air will pour back into the garage, and it is also more practical to remove it through the wall with the installation of a corner, so as not to deal with issues of sealing the fit on the roof, which are complex.

The air supply is provided by two holes. The first is in the garage wall, which, with “regular” slots in garage doors, is close in total area to the standard requirement. This opening is 150-200mm x 300mm, usually equipped with a plastic ventilation grille with mesh on the inside and a metal grille on the outside.

This air supply is complemented by a 110 mm supply pipe to the basement, so as not to accumulate gases and dampness there.

In this way, the total standard air exchange or not too less is achieved. In practice, such ventilation is enough to ensure that the humidity does not increase, “it is dry and fresh.”

Garage-workshops, where painting and welding work is carried out year-round, are equipped with fan hoods and air supply valves, according to enterprise standards...

What's inside?

The utility block is divided into three parts by internal partitions. The leftmost one is an open firewood shed: the supply of firewood in it begins with scraps of boards left over from construction... It does not require any finishing, only then, when the firewood had accumulated, I covered the front part with a polymer curtain on a steel cable (construction awning):

The right side is the barn. Just a barn. An empty space for storing necessary and not so necessary things. It only needed shelving for easy storage, and I welded them from a 32x32x3 corner and covered them with a 25x150 board. The result is comfortable, strong shelves. There is always something to store in the workshop.

Actually, nothing else is needed for such a room - just lighting and a lock on the door. The process is not complicated, but, let me tell you, cooking with an electrode in a closed iron room in the heat is a form of fitness. Combines a bathhouse, exercise machine and solarium.

But the thing for which everything was started - the workshop - forms the central part of the structure and deserves serious arrangement. The workshop area is 15 square meters. Two workbenches - a large one and a small one (for small work) were laid out at the stage of welding the frame. They have a base made of 50x25 pipe, tightly welded to the frame - a more rigid structure cannot be imagined. Both workbenches are roughly covered with a 40 mm thick board - this is quite durable.

You can put plywood on top for smoothness. You don’t have to put it in – that’s also good. But the first thing I started with was the plumbing. Yes, I have running water in my workshop. What did you think? You need to wash your hands somewhere. Fortunately, humanity has wisely invented plastic pipes, which are quite easy and extremely inexpensive to assemble into a single system. The outlet is made from the house, in which an external circuit is installed, switched off for the winter - for irrigation. (The water supply in the house is a well and a pumping station).

It was from this watering circuit that the pipe went to the workshop. There is only one trick - the water supply must run from top to bottom, with a constant slope towards the tap, and without sagging - so that in the fall all the water can be drained from the main. Plastic is quite resistant to freezing, but why take unnecessary risks?

Drainage and insulation

Water drainage is very simple - use a pipe under the apple tree, and water it at the same time. Looking ahead, later, during the construction of the shelving, an ordinary stainless steel sink was installed there. All the material, including pipes, bends, bends, taps and mounting clips cost a couple of thousand - these are quite cheap elements.

The next stage was the interior lining. Its role is not so much decorative as purely practical - try working in an iron box heated by the sun in the summer! As an insulation material (more correctly, a heat insulator, since its main function is to prevent the heated roof from turning the workshop into an oven), after much hesitation, I chose penoplex.

What I liked about it - low thermal conductivity (thermal conductivity coefficient 0.028 W/mK, for comparison - for mineral wool insulation - 0.042 W/mK), almost complete non-hygroscopicity (water absorption in 24 hours is no more than 0.1% of the volume), but most importantly - high manufacturability and ease of installation. There are so many problems with mineral wool when it needs to be attached to bare metal! In addition, you have to work in overalls, glasses and a respirator, and still you walk around sweating and itching all over...

Penoplex can be easily cut with a knife and installed with either glue or screws into the wall. Easy and practical. I attached it to the ceiling with screws into the lathing:

The air gap and the foam layer together give an excellent effect - even in the most severe heat, when you can fry eggs on the metal tiles of the roof, the ceiling is slightly warm. I simply glued it to the walls with construction adhesive.

Penoplex has one drawback - it is the most expensive of all budget options. I managed to find a sheet of 0.72 m2 for 82 rubles per piece. Considering the total area of the wall + ceiling is 50 square meters, I had to take four packages of 18 sheets each - six thousand rubles. The outside walls were lined with plywood. Alas, I made a mistake by taking a four-millimeter one - it should have been thicker. I proceeded from ease of installation (try turning a sheet of thick plywood over your head alone, holding it with one hand and screwing it with the other...), but did not take into account that thin plywood does not hold its plane and bulges, forming sloppy cracks. Don't repeat my mistake, take at least a six. A sheet of 1.5×1.5 cost 260 rubles, sheets - 25 pieces - 6500 plus delivery.

Estimate of utility unit

...Which will then develop into computer drawings. I count the materials and immediately add +25% to the estimated budget - after building the house, I already know for sure that nothing is ever done within the budget and on time. Deal with it - this is how the world works. The main structural material is a square pipe-fifty (50x50x3). All load-bearing structures are made of it and you need a lot of it - it took me 72 meters for about 10 thousand rubles. The strapping material is a 50x25x2 pipe, even more of it is needed - 200 (!) meters - it cost 14 thousand. And additional material for all sorts of small connections - a 40x20x2 pipe, which required 50 meters (only 3,000 rubles). In general, I left 28 thousand at the metal warehouse, including delivery outside the city. By construction standards, not so much. Additional expenses - cement, sand, cutting discs, electrodes, anti-corrosion primer and paint - amounted to another five thousand, but we could get to work.

Frame, walls, floor and roof

Concrete hardens for a long time, but there is absolutely no need to wait for it. We already have the verticals, so we then begin to knit them together with a 50x25 pipe - at the same time we give rigidity to the structure, preventing it from sagging in uncured castings. The main thing here is to very clearly monitor the horizontality of the joists of the future floor, otherwise everything else will go askew. Level and hydraulic level before each welding seam, check and double-check! When we finish cooking, we immediately paint. Not so much for the purpose of fighting rust, but for clarity - here the structure is finished, but here it is not yet... As a result, we gradually get a spatial framework of the entire structure. This already looks promising!

This is where the investments already made end and new ones begin. Construction is generally not a cheap activity, alas... You need a floor, walls and a roof. The floor is a thick plank, simple, not tongue-and-groove. Yes - it looks rough, yes - there are cracks. Well, this is a utility and industrial premises! The slots provide ventilation, preventing the board from becoming damp and rotting - after all, the floor is ventilated, hanging above the ground. Of course, the board must be treated with chemicals against fungus and rot.

Six-meter board 40x150, 50 pieces - 10,800 rubles. In addition, you need a lighter and thinner board for the roof sheathing. Six-meter boards 25x150, 44 pieces - 6,000 rubles. Plus delivery - and 19 thousand remain at the lumber base.

The next visit is to the metal profile base, where sheet materials are purchased. Everything about the roof was clear in advance - brown metal tiles, exactly the same as on the house - for harmony and unity of style. But the metal profile for the walls owes its creamy-yellowish color to the occasion. I just bought what was available. Together with cutting to size, delivery and, at the same time, half a thousand roofing screws, this is the biggest investment. Almost 36 thousand.

Sheathing the roof is done by laying sheets of metal tiles fastened with special roofing screws (with a waterproofing gasket) into the sheathing board. This does not require any special skills; all you need is a screwdriver and a sense of balance so as not to rattle down. The roof is designed and executed as a pitched roof, with a slight slope - the metal structure allows you not to pay much attention to the snow load (with a wooden frame you would have to make the roof steeper). Accordingly, there is no attic - inside there is just a sloping ceiling, which is also the back side of the roof.

Construction of a carpentry workshop with your own hands

The location has been chosen, the project has been prepared, and the construction of the carpentry workshop can begin. Construction should be divided into several stages:

Foundation

foundation

At a pre-selected location, we mark the perimeter of the future workshop.
We select soil to a depth of 70 cm for the future slab foundation.
Along the edge of the pit we place formwork 20 cm protruding above ground level.
We prepare the base from gravel and sand, carefully compacting it to a thickness of 20 cm.
We carry out reinforcement. We take the reinforced mesh and lay it on the base. We screw the second layer of reinforced mesh to the bottom one using pieces of reinforcement 250 mm long with Ø1.5-2 mm knitting wire.
We install anchor bolts in places where the machines are installed.
Fill it with M200 grade concrete.
Cover the concrete with a tarpaulin or film and leave until completely hardened for 3-4 weeks. In hot weather, it is advisable to periodically water the concrete.

Walls

Wall installation primarily depends on the selected material. If the structure is wooden, then to fasten the lower crown when pouring the foundation along its perimeter it is necessary to lay threaded rods. Further construction of walls comes down to the construction of a wooden structure. The room can be made of brick or foam concrete blocks at your discretion. After making the box, install the window and door blocks. Make the roof according to a pre-prepared sketch with your own hands.

Floor

Floors in a carpentry shop play an important role. It is usually made from several layers. A base of 5 mm thick sand is made on the foundation, then it is covered with roofing felt and boards are laid on top or an armored mesh is laid and poured with concrete. The second option is more reliable and popular.

If the carpentry is made of wood, then it is necessary to impregnate the walls with fire retardant compounds. Next, you need to bring all communication networks into the room and perform the wiring. All cable lines in cross-section must correspond to the current load imposed on them during further operation. In a workshop, wood is placed in metal pipes for fire safety purposes in case of a short circuit; in other buildings, corrugated pipes made of self-extinguishing polymers are used.

Next, we install and connect the ventilation system and machines, arrange cabinets and shelving, install shelves, and lay out tools.

Heating in the workshop is provided using oil radiators or autonomous water heating. An electric boiler can be used as a source of heating the coolant, and if it is possible to equip a room for a boiler room, gas or solid fuel boilers can be used. It is better not to use solid fuel boilers in a wooden workshop; there is a high probability of accidental fire.

Natural material in interior decoration

Unique interior details can be made from elegant plant forms. When walking in a park or forest, you should pay attention to intricately curved snags or interesting branches. After cleaning, sanding and varnishing, they can become the highlight of the most elegant interior style.

Such parts are placed in different planes, giving a certain functionality if desired. For example, in a country mansion, an original support for lighting fixtures will add charm and presentability.

Dry branches are often used for home crafts

Miniature table for books

Wall key holder with original design

Even scraps of driftwood with light, unobtrusive tinting will serve as an exclusive material for creating interesting wall compositions. With a successful selection of colors, such an element will be in harmony with the overall space.

An interesting addition to the fireplace area can be created from small pieces of branches, which are fixed in a certain order on the accent wall.

Designer watches that will never go out of style

A lantern made from branches will perfectly complement the garden plot

Peculiarities

Typically, the air flow is cleared of debris by passing it through a fabric filter or a container of water. This is quite enough to retain dust and small household debris.

The vacuum cleaner for shavings and sawdust has a different design. There is no fabric filter in it, because it only creates unnecessary resistance to air flow. Dust, shavings and sawdust are removed from the air flow in a centrifugal filtration apparatus, the so-called cyclone.

In large industries, industrial vacuum cleaners-chip exhausters are used to suck out shavings and sawdust from the working area of a woodworking machine. These are large, powerful machines, but they are designed in the same way as small carpenter's vacuum cleaners.

Design and principle of operation

In terms of its tasks, this device resembles a vacuum cleaner. An important difference between the chip ejector is the presence of a special element called a cyclone. The composition of such units includes the following elements:

electric motor (its power must exceed 3.5 kW);
impeller (to create the required air flow speed);
cyclone (produces high-quality cleaning of the supplied air from existing chips);
container for collecting dust and chips;
cleaning filter (it is advisable to install a multi-stage filtration system);
electrical switching system for switching and control;

The impeller is located in the sealed housing of the chip ejector. Air is supplied during chip removal through an air duct through a side hole in the housing wall. Purified air is released through the second hole. Their size depends on the diameter of the selected air ducts. Collectively, such a system is called a cyclone. It works on the principle of separating heavy particles due to the centrifugal force generated when the impeller rotates at high speed.

The chip suction cyclone has a fairly simple design and can be made with your own hands from existing available tools. This is an ordinary large round container (barrel or bucket). You can make it yourself. The incoming air flow begins to flow into the upper part of the container, and at the same time the air stream is directed along the wall. Thanks to the impeller, the flow twists in a spiral. The speed of the moving flow causes chips and debris to move towards the wall of the container. After this, they settle to the bottom of the tank or the garbage bag located below.

The necessary vacuum inside the chip ejector is created due to the rapid removal of purified air. At the outlet, the air is cleaned of sawdust, dust and shavings. This allows it to be sucked out using a regular household vacuum cleaner. The higher the power of the vacuum cleaner, the more productive the chip extractor will be. The industrial chip ejector uses a specially manufactured high-power centrifugal pump.

What kind of workshop is it without electricity?

The next stage is electrical. Materials - cable VVGnG 3x2.5, corrugated hose, installation fittings - automatic fuses, sockets, switches, lamps, WAGO connecting terminal blocks. The main thing is to carefully measure everything and calculate the footage in order to once again make sure that the laws of the universe are the same even for such different substances as vodka and cable - “no matter how much wire you take, you still have to buy it twice.” The total electrical budget is about 8 thousand rubles.

By the way, unlike many of my other occupations, I am a real certified specialist in electrical engineering. That is, I have a document in a hard brown cover that claims that I am a third-class electrician in lighting and power networks. The school Code of Criminal Procedure gave it to me. About 25 years ago. Nowadays, all labor education in schools has been reduced to labor lessons, in which, at best, they are cut out with a jigsaw, but in my school childhood there was vocational training with a pretense of seriousness. In any case, about the electrics. You can't do much with electric current, you know. The main thing they taught me there was to do twists, and that’s what I didn’t need.

Twists are no longer in fashion. Wires are not supposed to be connected with twists, although many conservative electricians do this anyway, of course. Only terminal blocks - well, or soldering... But terminal blocks are much simpler and more technologically advanced, although they cost money.

The entrance set in the barn is a block of automatic machines and a light switch. Then everything is separated by a corrugated sleeve into sockets and lamps. Above the workbench, instead of screwing in ten sockets, I installed two Legrand five-post blocks. Such a block, despite its elegant appearance, can withstand a nominal 3.6 kilowatts and perfectly holds both a thick “European” fork and a thin “Russian” one.

It’s too early to draw a final conclusion - work on arranging your premises for your favorite hobby can be continued endlessly, bringing it to unimaginable perfection. Boxes, drawers, shelves, cassettes for hardware and mounts for tools - all this can be purchased over the years, lovingly installed in suitable places and making your workplace even more comfortable.

I don’t know about you, but I don’t mind the money for this - it all pays off in mental health and productivity. Nothing relieves work stress like leisurely, enjoyable work with your hands.

Text: Pavel Ievlev

Landowner #9(85)

In the inspection hole

It is ideal to carry out work directly at the time of installation. Otherwise, you will have to tear down the entire structure and rebuild it.

Ventilation in the inspection pit is carried out by creating an additional channel immediately after leveling the bottom and walls. For this you will need a plastic pipe. Ideally, if it has a cross-sectional diameter of at least 10 cm. It is inserted into a horizontal trench so that the lower end almost touches the bottom, and is brought out through the wall.

As a result, even with a platform placed on top, excellent air circulation is ensured. And this is with a minimal investment of effort and money into the project.

Look at how other garage owners do it.