DIY snowman costume step by step: TOP 100 photos of exclusive costume models

Eastern traditions have always attracted people with their mystery, refined and subtle culture, brightness and uniqueness. And this applies to almost everything, especially architecture. Quite often one can observe in various countries individual elements of such a design, which stand out for their lush luxury and richness of mosaic decoration, pretentiousness of patterns, severity of wooden ornaments, unusually thin and seemingly almost weightless, fragile elements. What is so attractive about a Chinese roof?

Chinese architecture has always attracted people with its extraordinary geometry.

In this article we will reveal all the main details of the construction of such a roof, and our experts will give some important tips that will help facilitate the construction of such an unusual, but very attractive structure. Let’s figure out whether it’s possible to make such a roof with your own hands or whether it’s better not to risk it.

A beautiful legend or a desire for practicality?

Chinese roof
If we consider the origin of roofs of such an unusual shape, then there are many legends that explain their occurrence.

Here's just one of them. In ancient times, dragons lived on the roofs of houses and guarded human homes so that evil spirits could not harm the owners of the house. And when their little dragons were born, they had to somehow learn to fly.

For this purpose, people built such roofs with steep and curved slopes in the form of springboards. When the time comes to learn to fly, the dragons will slide down the trampolines and thus, thanks to the curved shape of the roof, will be able to fly up instead of falling down. Throwed into the air, they would be able to remain in a state of free fall longer, which would allow them, working with their wings, to quickly learn to fly.

A wonderful legend, isn't it? Who knows, maybe once upon a time it was not a legend at all, but had real grounds? But seriously speaking, this roof shape is determined, first of all, by the geographical features of the region.

After all, Chinese territories are very often subject to very heavy rains, so the construction of a roof of this shape was of purely practical importance. If it rains heavily, you need to somehow protect your house from flooding. Roofs with a strong angle of inclination and curved slopes allow water to drain very quickly without stopping, and thanks to the bends, “fly away” far from the house, thereby preventing flooding of areas adjacent to the house.

So the appearance of such a roof shape is not only an unusual and beautiful shape that attracts attention, but, above all, it is an urgent need for a given place of residence

The main features of a snowman

Everyone knows what a snowman looks like. But what characteristic features must be included in a suit? A snowman costume must be

• white,
• volume,
• from head to toes.

For additional accessories, we will need a bucket-shaped hat, a long scarf and, of course, a bright orange carrot nose.

Before you think about how to sew a snowman costume with your own hands, you need to decide where the costume will be used, how cold or warm it is in this room. In a voluminous suit using foam rubber at a matinee in kindergarten, the child will be very hot, and if the holiday is held in the fresh air, you can warm up.

Secrets of installation work

Chinese roofs are best made using hanging rafters. The sequence of operations from the first to the last step will consist of the following steps:

If the instructions seemed complicated, then there are other solutions:

• take the design of a half-timbered roof as a basis and make a number of changes until the desired result is obtained;
• supplement the rafter system with flexible metal profiles, which will allow you to achieve an airy roof configuration.

Large overhangs are an integral part of a Chinese roof. To install them, you should use decorative cornices or consoles of the required size. Also a mandatory attribute will be decorative elements - figures of dragons, snakes, animals. They will help to recreate the necessary oriental flavor.

To cover such a roof, it is best to use soft bituminous materials or various types of sheet metal coverings

If you are planning to decorate your home with a Chinese-style design, do not expect to do everything yourself. A competent design and extensive experience in the construction of roofing structures is what is required to carry out such complex work. Professional craftsmen will cope with this kind of task and create a house, approaching which you will feel the mysterious atmosphere of the East.

In each country, houses have their own type of roof. This is due to established centuries-old traditions. The shape of the roof, first of all, is created in accordance with established architectural styles. The Chinese roof on houses and religious buildings differs sharply from traditional European roofs by the presence of curved corners and various decorations.

This design of roofs is explained by several legends, one of which says that dragons like to descend from roofs at night, wanting to harm people. But the curved shape does not allow them to do this and, rolling off the edge of the roof, they are forced to fly back into the sky. A more prosaic reason is that in those areas there is a large amount of rainfall and the shape of the roof allows water to be drained away from the building itself. Therefore, the Chinese roof has such raised corners and far protruding overhangs, which, among other things, protect the interior space from an abundance of sunlight.

Step-by-step instructions: how to create a guide on Instagram

1. Go to your Instagram profile
2. Click on the plus sign (+) in the right corner of the profile name

1. Select “Guide/Hide/Tips” from the list

The next section is about choosing the type of Instagram guide, including:

• Places

  – intended for recommendations in the style of “Top 5 places in Kaliningrad, where you should go with children”, or “Best recreation parks in the Novosibirsk region”. You will also be interested in advice on inexpensive restaurants and bars, children's playgrounds, and cultural centers. When you select this type of guide, a search bar will be available where you can find the required location.

• Goods

  – as a rule, such collections are used for advertising: for example, your favorite skincare products or items from Zara. A product guide can be a great fit for the audience of online stores that have cleverly put together their best clothes, shoes and other products. When you select this type of guide, a search bar will be available where you can find the desired store and select products from it. Important: product selection is only available in accounts that have enabled the Shopping Tags function.

• Publications

  – it makes sense to organize all the posts that you have published or saved in your Instagram account according to their semantic load and call them in one phrase and create a useful guide from them.

Below is the procedure for creating a guide using the “Publication” type. This is the most common type of guides on Instagram at the moment and is very popular among bloggers. So, we continue to look at how to create a guide:

1. After choosing the “Guide” type, you need to decide on the posts that you want to combine in one place. There is a limitation - there can be a maximum of 30 publications in the guide (both your own and saved ones).
2. Click Next to continue creating your Instagram guide.

1. For the main cover of the guide, Instagram independently selects the appropriate one, but it can be changed to the image you need. This is very easy to do - click on the “Change cover photo” button and choose the one that you think is most attractive to readers.

1. At the next stage, you need to give a succinct and enticing description of the guide on Instagram: so that every visitor to your page wants to click on it and spend time reading and looking at the pictures. You just need a few words that will become the “motto” of the guidebook and will interest you from the first minutes. It is better at this step to answer the question to yourself: “Who will benefit from my guidebook?”, “Which target audience will be ready to take the target action after reading it,” and so on, which will help you create an organic and rational plan for publications in the guidebook.

1. The main thing now is to come up with a name for the publications in the guidebook. Every Instagram post deserves a name – short, clear and up to 48 characters.

1. It happens that you made a mistake and chose the wrong post. There is nothing critical about this: you can quickly delete a publication by clicking on the three dots at the top - “Remove from guidebook”.

1. Also, to change the structure of the guide on Instagram, users have access to the function of moving posts between each other. By clicking on the three dots next to a publication, you can drag it to another location.
2. After these manipulations, click “Next”.
3. To better understand how the Instagram guide will ultimately look, users have the opportunity to use “Preview” without publishing. Thanks to this function, you can immediately evaluate the visual content of the Guide, the benefits for subscribers and the attractiveness of other content on the Instagram social network.
4. Click “Next” at the top right to publish or save the guide on Instagram as a draft. If you wish, you can also share it on your story page or send a link to your friends on other social networks, as well as via direct message.
5. After some time, the guide will be uploaded to the blog and will be available through the “Guides” tab with a special icon. Now the Instagram guide is available to all profile visitors.

This is a step by step plan on how to create an Instagram guide.

How to make a drawing of a rafter system

Naturally, first you need to make a drawing of the roof. The design of the hip roof rafter system is taken as the basis. The frame around the upper perimeter of the gazebo will be used as a mauerlat (in our design this will be a support beam). To create a curved roof, the rafter legs must rest not on the corner supports, but on the support beam at a certain distance from the corners (this will be 1/4 of the length of 1 support beam).

Technology for laying bitumen shingles.

The bend is formed due to the fact that a connecting oblique strip is attached to the corners of the support beam and to each rafter leg at a distance of 1/3 from the support beam.

Then its middle is connected by another plank to the middle of the rafter leg. The middle of the leg is taken from its top point to the connection with the first oblique bar. Then the sheathing is done.

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As a sample, a basis for constructing a roof in the idea of ​​a pagoda, you can use not only the rafter system of our hipped roof. Dutch half-timbered roofs come closest in design to Chinese ones.

The roof is made using plywood attached to the sheathing. Soft roofing material is best suited for Chinese roofing. For example, the so-called European tiles. You can use other roofing materials, but not large sheets. These can be metal or better yet wooden plates. Since pagodas are buildings that are quite bright not only in architecture, but also in their design, the roof of your gazebo can also be made bright and elegant. To do this, you can use brightly colored tiles.

Light metal structures can be used to decorate curved edges. To make the stylized structure even more similar to the original, Chinese dragons can be attached to the curved ends of the roof.

Built with your own hands, such a garden gazebo will become a source of pride for the owner.

Roof installation

Let's look at the simplest Chinese roof project. Before you build a roof, you need to decide on the desired design and shape. After this, the Chinese roof itself is designed, the drawing of which is applied to paper. Do not forget that in the climatic conditions of Russia it will be possible to make only an imitation of such a roof. A simple structure can be erected with your own hands; with more complex roof options, you cannot avoid inviting a professional. Also, drawings of the Chinese roof in its various modifications can be found in the public domain. There are many photos on the Internet that will help you decide on the desired design.

After making the calculations, the necessary building materials are purchased. First, boards 1.5 m long and 30 cm wide are fastened in the center. We place the rafter leg along the central axis of the roof base, thus creating a support beam. We install the same beam on the opposite side of the structure. The result should be a quadrangular figure in the form of a cone.

The lathing is quite simple. Wooden boards that run perpendicular to the base are nailed onto the rafters and support beams. The main skeleton of the roof is ready. Now we take sheets of plywood, which need to be given flexibility by applying notches. After this, the sheets are secured to the sheathing.

Soft bitumen shingles are ideal as a roofing material (for more details: “How to make a soft roof”). It is lightweight and perfectly follows all the curves of the roof (read: “Do-it-yourself soft tiles”). The roof can also be covered with copper. But this solution is expensive. Therefore, you should weigh the pros and cons of such roofing material. Now we know how the roofs of Chinese houses are built, let's move on to some tips that can make life much easier.

Roof on gazebos in true Chinese style

Quite often, “non-professionals” confuse Japanese types of roofs with Chinese versions, which is undoubtedly a grave mistake.

Japanese classic roofs were usually traditionally covered with thick thatch and at the same time had a rather modest, sparse appearance. In contrast, the Chinese roofing style features rounded protruding elements (eaves). This interesting feature passed along with the religious philosophy of Buddhism to Japan around the sixth century.

An important feature is the presence of raised edges of the roof - this is a curious result that has a geometric nature of appearance. Technologically, the rafters and the created ties should not be concentrated in one plane, so they were fastened with strong ropes, which form such a curious configuration.

But, the main difference between the Japanese version of the roof and its Chinese counterpart is the absence of any decoration characteristic of the architectural structures of a large continent (in particular, Europe). When Japanese architectural structures contain decorative elements, they have an exclusively practical function, for example, strengthening the entire structure.

In fact, the organization of the roof frame of Eastern cultures is quite similar. This nuance is due to the presence of identical materials for construction and the practical absence of its range. People used straw, branches of appropriate trees and, of course, bamboo for any construction, since more “serious” wood was in short supply.

Curved curved roofs gradually appeared in China. Certain versions of tents, gazebos or small houses were completely devoid of roofs. Thus, during excavations, the discovered models of Han era buildings do not have clearly curved cornices. This feature of architectural structures appeared approximately between the historical Tang era and the Han period of the Li dynasty (617–906 AD).

Construction of a rafter system using hanging rafters

Here you will need:

• boards with a section of 150x30 mm;
• boards 20 cm thick (for sheathing);
• plywood up to 10 mm thick.

Construction stages:

1. The stand must be secured in the center of the support bar, making sure to maintain a right angle (90°).
2. The rafter leg should be attached exactly in the middle - between the post and the edge of the support beam. Its second end is fixed at the free end of the rack.
3. Next, a board is attached, one end of which is located in the middle of the rafter leg, but the second is connected to the edge of the support beam.
4. To resemble their eastern counterparts, a smoother bend is required. This is achieved by adding an additional strut.
5. Now you need to repeat the first four points for the other side of the ramp in a mirror image with respect to the central post.

If you did everything correctly, you will end up with a single truss truss. Now it will depend only on the size of your roof how many of these elements you need to use. The optimal distance between them is 50 – 70 cm.

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1. Then the process will become more familiar. It is necessary to mount the sheathing, placing it horizontally in increments corresponding to the width of the selected plywood.
2. We will describe the roof structure in more detail and point by point.

Examples of work

The current implementation is on sightsafari.city There is almost no geocoder there yet (there is an OSM one, but it works quite poorly), so it is better to place points directly on the map, with a right click or a long tap.
The slider is responsible for the type of route: the far left position looks for the shortest one, without taking into account points of interest, the default third gives a good balance, the far right always tries to improve the route and often generates rather intricate paths. Here are a couple of examples. The route from the house where I used to live to the Moskovskaya metro station, according to Yandex, is a boring path through courtyards and small streets:

And here is the route according to my algorithm. It passes through the edge of Victory Park, past the historical museum, past the Chesme Church and Palace, along the Square of the House of Soviets past fountains and cool Stalinist architecture.

Chesme Church. I myself usually made a small detour to go through this place, and not straight through the boring courtyards of the Khrushchev buildings.

Here’s another example: the shortest route from Smolny (where the administration of St. Petersburg is located) to the Ploshchad Vosstaniya metro station goes along Suvorovsky Prospekt. But nearby, a little to the side, there is a beautiful Tauride Garden, where my algorithm will invite you to look.

Stages of building a Chinese style gazebo

Before making a gazebo in the Chinese style, you need to mark out a 3.5x5 meter area and remove fertile soil from it. If this preparatory work is not carried out, grass will continue to grow slowly under the gazebo, moisture from the stems will be transferred to the floor, ventilation will be difficult, and the boards will begin to deteriorate. Instead of natural soil, you need to fill in crushed stone, screenings or slag and compact it well, add another layer of sand on top.

We will use brick pillars on small concrete slabs as the foundation. Let's make 10 columns for the crown, plus two more blocks for the steps. Under each element of the foundation, you need to pour a 10 cm sand cushion and compact the sand and water firmly. We install square formwork 30 cm wide on it. Fill the footing with a thickness of 50 mm. And so on for all 10 racks. For two blocks for steps, the size of the base should be 30 by 80 cm. When the concrete has hardened, you can begin laying bricks in accordance with the drawings.

Before installing the bottom trim, do not forget to place gaskets made of roofing felt or other waterproofing on the posts. For the crown of our fairly light gazebo we use two frame boards mounted on an edge with a gap between them. In accordance with the design, we will install the strapping logs along the short side of the gazebo. We will immediately lay floor boards on top of them, taking into account a span of one and a half meters; it is better to use a tongue and groove board. The main fastening material will be 80 mm nails, preferably galvanized.

When the floor is ready, we will begin installing support posts made of planed timber. We will need 10 supports. It is better to align the racks vertically using an ordinary plumb line, because an ordinary building level indicates the vertical very inaccurately. The beam must be temporarily fixed with slopes made of boards. In the future, when the roof and the lower row of fences are built, these boards can be removed. But the base of the racks can be immediately completely fixed on four sides with small blocks of 40x40 mm.

At a height of 80 cm, you need to make a middle strap between the bars of thick planed boards 50x150 mm horizontally. To fix it to vertical posts, you can make shallow cuts in them (in a quarter), and also use reinforced corners. Now the structure has acquired some strength and you can begin installing the upper trim under the roof. Just like for the base of the floor, we use paired boards on the edge. As you can see, our project involves a rather complex truss structure, but everything is quite clear in the drawing. The basic rules are to assemble the main triangles on the ground and lift them with ready-made blocks. And most importantly, all loaded elements must stand on top of each other. Those. You must first saw off the end of the rafter board at the desired angle, using a miter box, install it on the beam and fix it with nails from above. Don’t apply it on the side, nail it horizontally, and then saw it off. Such construction of a gazebo in the Chinese style will be clearly unprofessional.

In order for the Chinese-style gazebo to acquire the desired design, we will make only two elements. First, we will add curved wooden plates to the rafters at the corners of the roof. It is better to secure them with moisture-resistant glue and cover them with several layers of paint. Second, we will install special decorative grilles under the middle trim, which you can make yourself or order from a carpentry workshop.

For the roof, use any roofing material that is interesting to you, resembling tiles. Treat all wooden parts with antiseptics - after all, the greenhouse is not protected from slanting rain, snow and fog.

Now that your DIY Chinese-style gazebo is ready, you have something to surprise your guests with.

In the photo gallery below you can see a wide variety of gazebo options; you can borrow some ideas and apply them to your country plot.

Features of guides on Instagram

To attract more attention and increase coverage, it is recommended to choose the brightest and most eye-catching picture for the main cover. You can pre-publish a post with a high-quality photo, and then use this post as the starting point to create an Instagram guide.

There are some subtleties that are best known before you decide to publish your first guide:

Chinese roof

To build a house in the Chinese style, it is enough that the building is crowned with a corresponding roof, which is distinguished by upward-curved corners. To a non-professional builder it may seem that this type of roofing is typical only for buildings in the Middle Kingdom. However, to a professional architect such a building does not seem so unique. European architecture can be proud of half-timbered roofs, otherwise called Dutch. Such roofing models can be considered analogues of Chinese roofs.

According to the classification of Western architecture, a Chinese roof is simply a hip roof with a broken slope. In addition, the eastern roof can be compared with a half-hip model if the roof windows and gables are located on two opposite slopes. However, there are also fundamental differences between the Eastern and Western models. That is why, before starting to build an unusual roof, it is necessary to decide whether the roof will only imitate or become an exact copy. It is much easier to build an imitation. To reproduce a Chinese roof, the entire building will have to be built according to the Chinese canon.

The roof of a resident of the Middle Kingdom could tell about the wealth of the owner of the house. If bamboo, cypress or shingles are chosen as the covering, this is a poor man's dwelling. If the roof is covered with clay tiles, wealthy gentlemen live here. It is not advisable to use cypress or shingles. Shingles won't be cheap. Metal sheets or soft bituminous materials can be used as a coating.

Different approaches

The easiest way to explain the difference is using hanging rafters as an example. Tightening in such a design will not allow the rafters to push outwards from the supporting walls, and the rafters themselves will not move apart. The main part of the roofing load will be placed on the struts. In Chinese roofs, the load will be transferred through horizontal tie rods to vertical supports. Pillars were not used because the Chinese used materials such as paper or bamboo to build load-bearing walls. Tightenings serve to create a bend. The bamboo trunks used in construction were easily bent upward, forming the desired bend naturally. Gradually, this form of roofing became canonical. It began to be used even when other roofing materials were used.

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While European architects preferred the roof load to rest on a triangle, the Chinese preferred a rectangle. A classic Chinese roof will have many specific features that separate it from similar European options. In addition to the bent corners, one can note the steep slope of the roof in the upper part. The eastern roof is often multi-tiered. The roof must have a frame structure. Its overhangs extend far beyond the perimeter of the external walls of the building, which helps protect them from the effects of precipitation. The room will be protected from excess sun. Part of the overhangs are used to move moisture.

Who needs guidebooks and when to use them?

We have discussed in detail how to create, configure and delete a guide. Now we need to emphasize some more points.

What are the main benefits you will get from using guides on Instagram:

1. The most important thing for any blog is promotion

   . Instagram, like other social networks of this type, calculates and automatically displays in recommendations those accounts in which readers spend more time posting, viewing image galleries, writing comments and viewing stories. The more interesting and longer you create the guide, the longer the subscriber’s attention will be retained. And thus the coverage will increase and the statistics will be more pleasing.

2. Another important point is audience loyalty.

   . People love sincerity, this has long been a known fact. Therefore, the more honestly and more you open up to them from different areas of your life, the longer they will stay with you. This also works with commercial accounts of online stores: you share your values ​​and vision of products or services with people in detail, this attracts users, and they continue to follow the page. Beautifully designed guides on Instagram, a lot of useful information with a soft focus on people - this is the principle of competent promotion and growth, as well as getting closer to the audience.

3. The main measurable indicator in promotion is increasing coverage

   . The more structured you create your guide on Instagram, the more views each of its articles will receive. It will be easier for people to get acquainted with some old information and not search for it among the entire feed.

On a note

: all the above points are like three pillars on which the development of any blog rests. Accordingly, by working together, they will be able to bring income to the account, which is the main purpose of maintaining an Instagram page.

Mounting options

So, for lovers of oriental motifs, we can offer several projects for implementation:

1. Completely reproduce the original structure of the house - without load-bearing walls on vertical foundations and with prominent overhangs on a powerful bracket system. However, such a configuration is economically infeasible and inconvenient for Europeans to live in.
2. Use the wide possibilities of rafter systems and create a truss of a suitable configuration with a familiar base on the walls of the building. The cost of such work is high, but the result is indistinguishable from the original.
3. Use hanging rafters and imitate a Chinese roof on them using decorative elements and suitable roofing material. The best solution is if you are attracted to oriental forms by the idea itself, and not by the complexity and originality of architectural solutions.
4. Use metal structures whose bent beams are excellent for creating roofs of complex shapes. Metal is an expensive material, and installing a roof on it involves additional difficulties.

The following materials are most suitable for the roofing of a Chinese roof: bitumen shingles, euroroofing felt, as well as sheet metal coverings of various types

If you want to go through all the stages of constructing a truly Chinese structure, then it is recommended to start with a pagoda - a small gazebo in which there are no walls, and therefore there will be no difficulty in reproducing the desired structure as accurately as possible according to all the canons of craftsmanship.

If we are talking about a residential building, then it is better to focus on an imitation, which will externally look like the required structure, and structurally it will be possible to comply with all the requirements for thermal and waterproofing of the building. A house created according to such a project will turn out to be elegant and unusual, but its performance characteristics will not be affected.

Mapping for a guidebook

A map for a guidebook is almost an integral part of it, since a guidebook without a map is inconvenient to use. What good are descriptions of objects if you don't know where they are?

Of course, in normal hotels you can often get a tourist map of the city right at the reception desk (for free), and if not, you can always buy it, but then you will have to look for and mark objects to visit on it the evening before the walk, and this is not always convenient .

It is much more convenient to have a map in the guidebook, with a specific walking route, and so that all the objects are already marked on it. Moreover, a very large scale is not needed; often, a general picture is enough to simply make it clear which way to go next.

It’s even more convenient to have such a map in your smartphone or tablet, but making a standalone map for a smartphone is a topic for a separate note.

In addition, before making a map for a smartphone, we still need to obtain data on the location of objects (plot them on a Google map), so these actions are interconnected.

How to make an offline map for a smartphone or tablet that can work without the Internet, with marks of attractions (or other objects) on it, read in a separate note.

Drawing up a general map of objects

A general map of attractions is compiled in the process of collecting text information about objects of interest to you. We copied the data about the object into our document and immediately marked it on the map.

In order to be able to work with your own Google map, you need to have a Google account, i.e. be registered on one of its services: have Google mail (G-mail), or a YouTube account, or be registered on Google maps, etc.

The issue of registering an account in Google will not be considered in the scope of this note (not the topic of the blog), it is assumed that you have one.

To create your own Google map, open Google maps, go to the menu (three horizontal bars in the upper left corner of the screen), and select “My Places” there:

After which you will be taken to the “My Places” section menu. There, select the “Maps” tab (if you have not worked with them before, then you will see it empty), and click “Create a map”:

Voila! Your Google Map will open in a new window Empty for now, of course. The map needs to be named somehow (so that it does not get confused with others), and the new layer on this map needs to be named somehow:

Click directly on the phrase “Untitled card” and a window will open in which you can rename it to your liking. In the same way, rename the “Untitled Layer”.

The “Base Map” menu at the very bottom allows you to select the base (main) layer of the map; you don’t have to touch it (or you can change it if for some reason you are not satisfied with the standard look of Google maps).

I called my map “Attractions of the Balkans”, and the first layer on this map was called “Zagreb”:

You can place up to 9 layers and a virtually unlimited number of points on one map. When you make a map of objects for another city, you do not need to create a new map.

It is enough to create a new layer in the same map (to do this, click “Add Layer”), name it as you need (for example, “Split”), and add objects for the city of Split to the list of points for this layer.

When the limit of layers on the map is reached (9 pieces), then create a new map (let’s say Sights of Balkans-2), and place maps of objects in it in nine more cities, etc.

The picture above also shows the map tools. We will be most interested in the “Add Mark” and “Measure Distance” tools. Although, to your taste (and if necessary), you can use the rest.

Since we are going to work with the sights of Zagreb, we need to make sure that this map opens by default in the place we need (Zagreb).

To do this, we find this city on the map (increasing the scale), or you can use the “Search” field at the top of the screen, adjust the map so that the general area is most conveniently visible, and fix this position by selecting “Set area” in the menu with the name of the map default view":

That's it, now this map will always open in this place by default. When you work with another city, then, accordingly, set a different area to open by default. This item is for user convenience only.

Now we can put marks of our objects on this map. We found the first object for the guide, copied its data into a separate document, went to our map, found this object on the map and put a mark on it.

Let's say we need to note the Zagreb Cathedral.

To set a marker, you need to find an object on our map, click the “Add marker” button in the top toolbar, and then point on the map in the right place. The point will be added to the list, and a window will open with a description of the point:

In the “Point name” window, instead of “Point 1”, enter the name of the marked object (attraction). Whether to fill out the description field is up to your taste. If you want, write a description of the object, or not, but it’s better, don’t waste time, you have a description in the guidebook.

The name of the object should match the name of the object in the guidebook, and be descriptive so that it is easy to understand what kind of point it is. You can simply copy the name of the object from your document, or directly from the site, and paste it into this field (so as not to enter it manually).

Then click “Save”, and the saved point appears in the list of points:

Now, you need to change the style of the point to the “numbered list” value, otherwise, all the markers on the map will be the same, and not numbered (although some people are happy with this look).

To do this, click the “Individual style” button at the top of the list of points, and select the values: “Sequence of numbers” and “No labels”. The first value specifies the formatting of points in the form of a numbered list, the second determines how (and whether) the point on the map will be labeled.

If you select “Names”, then the name of the object (given by you) will be displayed next to the point with a number; if you select “No labels”, then only the point with a number will be displayed on the map. Decide for yourself what is best for you:

But, in principle, labels for points on the map are not needed - unnecessary cluttering of the map, especially if several attractions are very close.

In addition, the numbering of points on the map must coincide with their numbering in the guidebook (we’ll deal with this a little later), so there is no need to sign them again, and the number will make it clear what the point is.

The color of the dot (blue is standard, by default) can be changed by clicking on the “Dot Style” button. You can select any of the suggested colors, but it will be applied to the entire list of points.

To highlight some of the points on the map with a different color, if there is a need (there isn’t, but), then you need to add a new layer and set points of a different color in it.

For example, you can use different colors to highlight different groups of objects (if desired): architectural monuments - blue, malls, shopping centers and shops - green, children's attractions - red, etc.

Then, to simultaneously display all layers on the map, you will need to check (turn on) all the necessary layers of markers for a given city. But all this, as a rule, is not very necessary if the guidebook is compiled for personal purposes.

But let's return to the list of objects on the map. In the same way as indicated above, sequentially plot on the map all the points from the guidebook you are compiling (or already compiled). The numbering of points will coincide with that in the guidebook.

You no longer have to touch the style of the points (there is no need to configure the display of each point individually), they will all be displayed as a “numbered list”, in the sequence in which you add them.

You can add objects to the map in any order; later it will not be difficult to change their numbering (and it will even need to be changed).

After plotting all the points (attractions) on the map, you will be able to see how the objects you plan to visit are located relative to each other, and determine (plan) a walking route between them (where to go first, where next, etc.) .

In the process of drawing objects on the map, you will, firstly, explore the city (its central part, where the main part of the walk is planned), and secondly, after drawing on the map, you will see where which objects are located.

Which ones are close (in one place), and which ones are far away. Those objects that are far to go to, you can reconsider the advisability of visiting them, re-read their description, and decide whether you really need to go look at the church, which stands three kilometers from the main attractions, or maybe it’s better to give up right away such a walk?

Thirdly, in the process of drawing objects on the map, you can easily find some other objects on it that are interesting to you, and immediately google their descriptions. If you like them, then immediately add them to the guidebook (and to the map, of course).

In general, a map with attractions marked on it gives a lot of food for thought. When a map with dots is in front of your eyes, it’s easier to think.

If you are satisfied with the arbitrary order of numbering of objects on the map and in the guidebook (the main thing is that the numbering of points coincides in both), then there is no problem. In principle, this compilation of the guide can be considered complete.

Then you can simply complete the style of the text part of the guidebook (arrange hyphens, headings, page numbering, table of contents), and take a couple of screenshots of the screen with the image of the map, adding them to the general part.

Then, print it all out or save it on your smartphone (tablet) to use later in electronic form.

But I would recommend that you don’t be lazy and immediately draw up a plan for the route of your walk, so that later you don’t have to think during the trip: where to go first, where to go next... And immediately mark the points on the map (and place them in the guidebook), according to this plan.

It takes a little time, but brings enough benefits. This will be discussed in the last part of the note.

Planning a walking route

By viewing and analyzing the resulting map, with the attractions and other objects planned for visiting marked on it, you can estimate in advance in what order it would be better (more convenient, more practical) to visit them.

In addition, you can estimate in advance the total walking time and the total “mileage” along the route (which will need to be covered).

For example, in Zagreb, the following route is visible: arrival at Ban Josip Jelacic Square by public transport (this is the main square of the city), then from there, through the Dolac market, go to the Cathedral, go up to the Dismas Chapel, then go down to St. Square. Brand, etc.

The approximate order of visiting sites (walking route) is marked in red numbers on the map below:

You can plan a different route - it’s purely a matter of taste. Next, as an example, I will consider the route indicated above (this is my route along which I walked in Zagreb in 2015).

To plot a route, and, most importantly, to estimate its total length, it is convenient to use the “ruler” tool. The result of his work is shown in the figure above, in the form of the total mileage of the walk, and is visible as a blue thin dotted line.

To more accurately estimate the distance you plan to cover, you can also use the “add route” tool, but this is not necessary; as a rule, a regular ruler is quite enough.

We don’t need accuracy in the route length up to a meter, do we? No. You can simply lay out the route more carefully and precisely using a ruler, sticking to the streets (in the picture above, this is done quite roughly, but this is an example).

The length of the planned route allows you to estimate the total load for the day and give answers to questions related to the overall planning of the trip.

Is it possible to walk around (and inspect) all the objects planned for visiting in a day? How long will it take? Or maybe you need to plan two days for this city?

The normal length of a walking route around the city (for a healthy person, without children) based on a full day of walking (8 hours) is approximately 12-16 km. You can plan more, but it will turn out to be a gallop.

The average speed along the route during a walk (including pauses for sightseeing) is approximately 2-2.5 km/h. Although, here, of course, it is impossible to say for sure.

Sightseeing times vary. It’s one thing to look at a free-standing monument to someone and take a photo against its background (2 minutes), another thing to look at a cathedral, where you can be lost for an hour.

But nevertheless, based on personal experience, the average speed is within the limits indicated above. Moving between objects is 4-5 km/h, but there are pauses to inspect objects.

Plus pauses to “sit in a cafe” or just relax in a shady park. By the way, in the picture above there is a point with a wonderful place (cafe-bar “Kirpich”), where they serve wonderful cold “Ozhuyskoe” (this is the best local beer, I recommend it if you find yourself in those parts).

Plus pauses to simply explore beautiful places and streets. Plus, check out the shops. If you are with children, then pause for attractions along the way... but it is unlikely that you will be able to walk with children for eight hours in a row; they will turn sour from boredom, unless we are talking about visiting Disneyland.

In general, depending on the time and mileage of the walk, everything is strictly individual. Based on the diagram above, a couple of hours will be enough to explore the old part of Zagreb and the main attractions located there, with a very leisurely move, if you walk without going to shops and museums.

Bringing the map and guidebook into line with the walk plan

So, we decided on the route. Now you need to arrange the points on the map in the sequence in which you plan to visit them. This is done very simply - by dragging an object in the list on the map.

For example, Ban Josip Jelacic Square is the first point to visit (you plan to arrive there). But on our list on the map it comes at number ten. No problem. Just grab it with your mouse and drag it to the first place in the list.

The point automatically receives the number “1”. The remaining points in the list (and on the map) will also be renumbered automatically. The next planned object is the Dolac market, it is number “5”. We drag it to second place in the list, and so on.

As a result, it turns out like this (the points on the map are numbered in the expected order of visiting them during the walk):

/The map may not be displayed on Yandex turbo pages. To view, go to the regular version of the site./

Having brought the numbering of points on the map in accordance with the order in which they were visited, it remains to bring the blocks with descriptions of objects in the text part of the guidebook into the order in which they are marked on the map (and will be visited).

Great. We look at the list of points on the map, and arrange the text blocks with descriptions in the same order as on the map (Ctrl+X - Ctrl+V = “cut” - “pasted” where necessary).

Then we number the text blocks (or rather, their headings) in order (the numbers should be like on the map), add page numbering, a table of contents (in Word this is all done in a few clicks), complete the final design of the text, remove extra spaces and line breaks, placing hyphens in the document, etc.

Voila! The guide (text part) is ready. All that remains is to add a screenshot of our map with point marks to the last page and print it out.

Features of Chinese architecture and in particular the Chinese roof

Chinese architecture

The structure of the entire Chinese style house is created in such a way that they can withstand even earthquakes, since they occur quite often in their area. The Chinese roof rests on a central pillar and most often it is not even dug into the ground. As a result of this, the pillar restrains all vibrations of the earth's crust, and neither the house nor the roof can be destroyed.

A few dozen years earlier, the roofs of poor houses were covered with bamboo, and glazed tiles were only on expensive houses, and such roofing material was most often made from bright yellow clay. In addition, the roof was decorated with various images of animals playing the role of protectors of the house from evil forces. And besides, the roofs could be decorated with carvings, and its individual elements were decorated with oil paints.

Difference between Chinese and Japanese roofs

The Chinese style roof is somewhat different from traditional Japanese roofs. The fact is that in Japan, houses are built using a slightly different technology, there it is basically a frame covered with special paper. In our understanding, there are no windows or doors. And there all vertical planes are used exclusively as partitions. Such buildings are built for the reason that they are easily restored after an earthquake and do not cause much harm to people when a house collapses under the influence of underground forces. Also in the case of Japanese houses, a strong foundation is not used, and load-bearing walls are made of stone or brick.

Chinese style house

If we take a closer look at Chinese roofs, then in essence they are a certain hipped roof with well-known corner shapes. But this is an exclusively external property. The internal structure of the roof and its rafter system differs significantly from traditional European-style models.

Before you start creating a Chinese-style roof, you need to decide whether it will be a real Chinese roof or an imitation of it. If you create a real roof with a Chinese slope, then it will be an expensive pleasure, and if you are willing to spend a considerable amount of money on creating such a roof, then this option is for you. But if you want to make a summer gazebo in the Chinese style, then it is quite possible to use an imitation of a Chinese roof, since it will also blend harmoniously with the landscape.

https://youtube.com/watch?v=JKmglCbH94s

The history of Chinese gazebos

Many Asian countries profess Buddhism. The pagoda is considered a traditional building. Usually it has a polygon shape, a multi-tiered roof. From pagodas, more traditional gazebos borrowed the characteristic spire at the top and the roof configuration. It has curved, even slightly turned up edges.

Buddhists do not live in pagodas, as is commonly believed in Europe. The main purpose of the structure is to protect the house from evil spirits. For example, the Japanese are minimalists when it comes to arranging living spaces, but they decorate gazebos with all their hearts.

Particular attention was paid to the selection of the site for construction. A variety of materials were used, the most popular was wood. The foundation and walls were classic. The “dougong” design, which did not have any fasteners, was especially popular. The most difficult stage was building the roof. The pagoda was covered with tiles made of clay. To reduce the load, the frame was a bunch of elements. They were connected in the form of steps, forming a pyramidal gazebo. Its top rested against the pillar.

The most amazing thing is that there was practically no load on the walls. The frame construction method allowed Asian architects to create real miracles. The beauty of the pagodas captivated more than one nation, and even Catherine the Great in the 18th century gave the order to build an entire village stylized as the pagodas of the East.

Subtleties of installing a roof in an oriental style

Perhaps the most important stage is roofing work. Structurally, they are quite difficult and may seem like an impossible task. All that is required of you is to strictly follow the instructions and make each element according to the template.

To properly assemble the rafter system, prepare boards with a section of 15x3 cm, plywood no more than 1 cm thick. It will provide the necessary flexibility. If possible, it is better to order bent elements from a carpenter or buy them at a hardware store. Bent metal or wood is easy to find on sale. Otherwise, you will have to do everything yourself.

• Unlike classic European gazebos, the rafters do not aim to connect the roof ridge to the corner. They rest directly on the bed. The rafter legs bisect the distance from the support post in the center of the beam to the ends. In simple words, when viewed from the side, the figure looks more like a compass.
• The obtuse angle between the console and the rafters is smoothed out. You will need to stock up on two bars. One will be located on the rafter leg above the lower end (connected to the Mauerlat at the other end). The second is mounted on top of the first, the corner is cut off. You can also make the smoothest bend possible using a metal profile, but the effect will not be the same.

When the roundings are made, you need to form a sheathing across the rafters. It will be the basis for covering the frame with plywood. The roofing material is already laid on it. Because ceramic tiles are quite heavy and weigh 50 kg/m2. You don’t need such loads when ceramics are completely replaced by a stylized soft roof.

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To better understand the process, watch this helpful video on the topic:

Read more about the construction of a “Chinese roof” in a separate article: “Chinese roof - energy protection of a gazebo”

What to include in a guidebook

In addition to historical and cultural sites, the content of the guidebook may also include information about more mundane things - the best hotels, shops, cafes (with menu features), prices for tickets to museums, entertainment venues, and so on.

Descriptions of seasonal and religious events, for example, city festivals, as well as walking plans to interesting places will be relevant. If you provide them with detailed maps, tourists will thank you.

Pay special attention to illustrations - don’t be lazy to hire a professional photographer. High-quality design of a guidebook is one of the important aspects of its success among the readership.

Do-it-yourself Japanese roof construction technology

Let's consider the method of arranging a roof using the example of a country house.

Before starting to build a house in an oriental style, it is necessary to accurately determine the type of the entire structure - will it be a fragmentary imitation of the Japanese type of roof or will the structure completely replicate the style of Asian art.

The difficulties that arise during the construction of an absolute analogue also lie in the price cost of materials, but at the same time, designing the most similar roof is not extremely difficult. Modern soft single- or multi-component materials, for example, bitumen shingles, can be used as a roof covering.

Recommendation! It is worth very thoughtfully considering a metal sheet covering as an option. It is more durable, more environmentally friendly and stronger!

Experts identify several construction stages in the construction of a Japanese roof:

Formation of a design solution

It is important to carefully draw the desired configuration of the future roof when making a sketch drawing. There are two options here: hipped or gable

Carrying out design first causes more difficulties of all kinds. A gable analogue with any two gables makes it possible to become the owner of a fragment of Eastern culture without any particular difficulties.

Rafter system and its design

The Japanese roof has a concave profile, which can be accurately reproduced in two ways:

- pyramidal - the structural organization of the rafter system will be distinguished by a rectangular base. It is mounted using rafter quadrangles placed on top of each other;

- gable roof - quadrangular elements will be the same. The required shape of the roof structure (parabolic curve) can be adjusted as required by the desired result. Adjustment is carried out by selecting the width of the rafter structure and the height of the racks.

Recommendation!

The sheathing is fastened in the direction of the cornice from the ridge. There will be segments on the line of quadrilaterals. Their number will vary - the more bases in the project, the more there will be.

The joints of the sheathing boards must correspond to the middle of the edged board of the rafter system. For this you will need:

— plywood with sheet thickness up to 10.0 mm;

— boards 20.0 cm thick (needed for lathing);

- boards with a cross-section of 150.0x30.0 mm.

Construction

The construction of any structure begins with the foundation and ends with the roof. This is also true for the gazebo.

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Base

The gazebo on which the roof imitating Chinese will be installed is light in weight, so a columnar or slab foundation can be built under it. The first one will cost much less and is easy to make with your own hands. The first step is to mark the area where it will be located. The support pillars for the gazebo with a Chinese-style roof must be placed at a distance of 1.5 meters from each other. Depending on their number, small holes are dug. You can use a garden drill with a diameter of 30 cm. The depth to which you need to go is about 50 cm.

A 15 cm layer of sand is placed at the bottom of each hole. It must be compacted well. It is advisable to position it evenly so that the supports under the gazebo also stand level. To avoid hassle with formwork, you can use an asbestos pipe with a diameter of 25 cm. It must be cut into pieces no less than 60 cm long. The pipe is wrapped in waterproofing material in the form of a film or roofing felt. It can also be coated with bitumen mastic. The pipe is placed in the prepared hole. A concrete solution is being prepared and must be poured into each pipe. During the process, the pipe must be raised slightly so that the solution flows slightly to the bottom.

To further strengthen the structure, reinforcement is placed in each pipe under the gazebo. The solution is well compacted with an internal vibrator or a piece of reinforcement. After this, the space around the pipe must be filled with fine crushed stone; in the process, the level must be maintained in the vertical position of the pipe. Strengthening the main structure for a gazebo with a Chinese roof will take several weeks. While the solution is still fresh, you can install metal plates in it, which will later act as fasteners for the racks and grillage.

Supports

After the base for the gazebo has gained its strength, it is necessary to begin constructing the lower frame or grillage. It can be made from timber with a cross-section of 10x10 cm. A waterproofing material is placed on the support for a gazebo with a Chinese roof, which will protect the wood from rotting and from moisture, which will inevitably flow through the concrete supports. The grillage is laid on the base for the gazebo and the logs are fixed to the metal plates that were prepared earlier. The logs of the grillage are connected to each other using the tenon method, which will increase the strength of the structure of the gazebo with a Chinese roof. After installing the grillage, the vertical posts for the roof of the gazebo are fastened into place and the top trim is made. It can be made from edged boards or the same timber that was used for the grillage.

Roof

Building a Chinese roof for a gazebo with your own hands is the most difficult task in a particular project. The first step is to install the central roof support for the Chinese style gazebo. It is installed in the middle perpendicular to the trim boards. After this, another support is fixed, which should be located in the middle and act as a support spindle, which will allow the future Chinese roof to be shaped. Four or more rafter legs are installed on it at an angle. They should be positioned so that their top touches the edge of the support spindle, and their bottom end is located in the middle of the central support beam.

Next, plywood sheets are laid on the prepared sheathing under the Chinese roof. For a Chinese roof you will need elements at least 10 mm thick. They must be bent along the radius of the future Chinese roof. To make it easier to do this yourself, you need to make the cuts not to the full depth with such a step that the required radius is obtained. Next, the bends characteristic of a Chinese roof are made, which look into the sky. They can be made by bending wood under steam with your own hands. After this, the roofing material is laid. The easiest way would be to use soft tiles, which will perfectly replicate the shape of a Chinese roof and provide the required tightness and moisture protection. A video about the construction of a gazebo with a Chinese roof is below.

When can I use a guide on Instagram?

Below are the best ideas for Guides, which were included in the list after analyzing the main trends of the social network, as well as audience requests for these topics. You can use any of them depending on the topic of your blog.

PLACES

• Shopping Guide for the Fall (such content will be especially useful for the target audience from 20-45 years old, girls who follow fashion and take care of themselves);
• Top places for hiking with children (for example, for children from 2-5 years old, for teenagers);
• 5 best restaurants in the city with open kitchen;
• Secret places of the city;
• Sales in your city - top 5 stores;
• Stores where you can purchase your products (suitable for Instagram stores);
• Top 5 countries where you can go without a visa in 2022;
• The best places where you can relax on a budget;
• The best places in the city that few people know about (any city will do);
• Top 5 hostels with unique design;
• The best hotels with river views;
• What to take with you on a trip to China;
• Life hacks for travelers with children/dogs;
• Mandatory Top 10 places to visit for tourists who come to the city for the first time (the name can be adapted to suit you, make it shorter, and so on. Here are the very ideas of Guides on Instagram).

GOODS

As noted earlier, this type of Guides on Instagram allows you to mainly advertise products that you either sell or use personally and are ready to recommend to your subscribers.

• The best books for a cozy autumn;
• My wishlist 2021;
• Top 5 things for a bright spring;
• Best dry skin care;
• Top 5 films that surprised me;
• The best products in your store;
• The best cocktails in the bar (it is important that the Shopping Tags option is enabled on the bar page);
• TOP best gifts for mom;
• Secrets of Korean cosmetics (if you have a store with Korean products).

PUBLICATIONS

If you choose to create this type of Guides on Instagram, then it will give you more freedom compared to the above. Here you can collect personal posts into one longread, structure them as you like, without strict reference to the Guide type. Here are some examples:

• About me (a very good Guide for new subscribers if you run an expert blog and run blog ads from time to time);

On a note:

“Whoever expects nothing will never be disappointed. Here's a good rule of life. Then everything that comes next will seem like a pleasant surprise to you.”

• Quotes from books that stuck with you;
• Lifehacks for effective stories;
• Top bloggers you recommend following;
• Guide to goods/services;
• Publications with reviews of products/services;
• Before/after results, if your blog involves some kind of personal diary on weight loss/improving body quality/challenge;
• A guide about why it is worth working with you (you can collect posts that reflect your values ​​and philosophy, write down the terms of cooperation, and so on);
• The history of the creation and development of the brand (perfect for companies that have come a long way to success. To set up this type of guides, carefully consider the structure and time intervals);
• A selection of Past Simple rules (for blogs with an English bias);
• Our love story (for personal blogs);
• A selection of congratulations for Victory Day (great coverage for seasonal queries - this will be the result if you decide to create a guide on this topic);
• DIY (creative crafts you can do with kids);
• My food recommendations for the New Year;
• Recommendations of books for beginning programmers.

On a note:

When you add someone else's post to your guide on Instagram, the blogger who owns the post will automatically receive information about it. So be careful - it is better not to use the information of other bloggers for commercial purposes when creating Guides on Instagram, there is always copyright behind this.