homemade carder for carding wool
My husband made me a homemade carder for carding wool.
wool before carding, slightly washed
what an interesting topic) if you really don’t mind, share the information) especially about card tape)
I bought ours, domestic, but it... kind of strange.
Wow!! Great! )))))
Irina, can I ask and show you right away in your thread?
The thinnest and most frequent tape
the fabric is thick, the needles are short, the fastening of the needle-brackets is weak (it can be easily removed from the fabric). How can such card tapes be used?
The manufacturer cannot say anything clear about manual carders.
You look at the site that I indicated to you in the message. I have card tape
yes, your needles are much longer.
I’m wondering what kind of carding is this with card tapes like the ones they sent me. I can't imagine. Not so for me, in a word.
I also spin wool, but for now I comb it by hand.
For this I have several different powder brushes.
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Upper body
The upper part of the body is assembled slightly differently. Here we will not use plywood frames, but curved slats that will be attached to the finished lower part of the boat. Where the engine is located, the frame is fixed with gussets. The frame itself is mounted to a crossbar made of square steel pipe (4x4 centimeters) and fixed with 2.2-centimeter pipes. Then everything is simple - foam is applied to the surface and covered with fiberglass. This way we will complete the procedure of forming the upper part of the hull of a homemade airboat. The doors can be made from plywood, and the windshield is best taken from a domestic car (for example, from the back door of a Moskvich).
Animals with thick fur
The collection of wool from animals is carried out without slaughter. For this, various combs, slickers, hair clippers and other tools are used. The humane method of obtaining fur is promoted by many international animal welfare associations. Thus, owners can annually collect wool from the same rabbit or sheep for further processing.
Various animals are bred on an industrial scale to obtain wool.
Sheep and goat wool is highly valued by needlewomen
Fleece, or the wool of sheep, has long been used to produce various types of fabrics and yarn. The Ancient Greek epic tells how Jason went to Colchis for the Golden Fleece. The kilt, the national clothing of the Scottish Highlanders, is also made from sheep's wool. Depending on the quality of the fleece, its further disposal is determined. Suits are made from thick cloth, and autumn and winter coats are made from drape. Fine yarn is used to make elegant knitted items. Blankets are sewn from low-grade wool and felt boots are felted.
Sheep are sheared 2-3 times a year.
Sheep in the fields of Kazakhstan
Angora and Kashmir goats are raised for wool collection. The former have long and silky hair. It is divided into two subspecies: coarse wool and semi-coarse wool (moger or mohair). Sweaters are knitted from angora, fabrics and carpets are made. Angora goats are sheared twice a year.
On average, male bucks produce 2 times more mohair than females.
The Kashmiri breed is known for its thick, downy undercoat. The raw materials are used for carpets, shawls and other high-value products. The Cashgor breed is considered a subspecies of the Kashmiri breed. The main representatives in Russia are the Don and Gorno-Altai goats. The Kashgorians have coarse down, but very warm. Moreover, the Cashgorian breed, unlike the Kashmiri one, does not degenerate due to climatic conditions. Cashgorians and Kashmiris get their hair cut once a year.
Read about the characteristics of Angora goats, how to keep, feed and breed them in the article: Angora goat
Goats raised in Altai
Rabbit
The warm down of a rabbit is superior in properties to goat and sheep wool. It does not require special processing (washing, drying) and is ready for use immediately, which significantly reduces production time and the cost of the finished product. The downside is increased absorption of moisture from the air. The fluff of a specially bred Angora breed is used to make yarn. The fur of other rabbits is too short for this.
The Angora rabbit is a breed that, in addition to its beautiful appearance, can boast of excellent wool quality. How to choose an Angora rabbit? How to properly keep a pet? You can read about all this in our article .
Angora Lion rabbit
Engine
The motor for our homemade product can be used from a regular Soviet-era boat. But for lovers of high speed, this will not seem enough. In this case, you should pay attention to the Japanese Honda and Yamaha engines with power from 150 to 210 horsepower. Paired with a propeller, such a motor is capable of accelerating a boat up to 50 kilometers per hour on water and up to 90 on ice. The V-belts and thermostat are taken from a Zhiguli-type passenger car. The driven and driving pulleys are made of duralumin steel.
Collecting pet hair
Industrial keeping of animals with long hair involves obtaining wool and fluff from them 1-3 times a year. At the same time, it is important to approach the collection process competently so as not to harm your pets and get a high-quality product at the end. Typically, wool is obtained from goats, sheep and rabbits in three ways.
Combing
Goats and dogs of long-haired breeds are subjected to this procedure before shearing. To do this, use special metal combs with blunt teeth so as not to damage the skin. The process is quite labor-intensive, but it allows you to obtain high-quality mohair and warm dog undercoat.
Goats are combed using a special comb.
A haircut
Sheep and goats of wool breeds are sheared with special scissors or clippers. The fleece is carefully cut off almost close to the skin. Angora rabbits are clipped only at a very early age to improve the quality of their fluff.
Sheep shearing with scissors
Plucking
Grooming adult rabbits is irrational because the hair grows unevenly. Proper plucking is akin to thinning and is normally experienced by animals. During collection, the fluff should not be pulled out with force and expose the body. This leads to stress, skin wounds and death of pets.
Proper plucking helps preserve the population
Factors influencing the quality of the final product
Age of the animal . Young lambs and rabbits have a soft, silky undercoat. Adult animals have coarser and spinous fleece, but warmer.
Collection time . Spring is considered the optimal time of year. At this time, animals endure the release of the “winter coat” painlessly and suffer less from temperature changes. In addition, spring haircuts produce softer wool. It is customary to shear goats annually. Sheep, if well maintained, can produce their fleece 2-3 times a year. Rabbits are plucked once every 2 months, in areas where the hair has reached a length of 6-7 cm.
Sheep are sheared 2-3 times a year
Gathering place . The best quality is wool and fluff collected from the withers and back of the animal. On the abdomen and near the paws the hair is coarser and dirtier.
Conditions of detention . Clean bedding, protein feed, t = 18-23°C, relative freedom of movement and lack of stress affect the quality of the resulting wool. The more comfortable the animal feels, the more valuable the product it will produce.
Presence of fluff . Goat wool, which contains 20-40% fluff, is considered the first grade. Semi-down or second grade includes pile with 10-20% down content.
Goat down is a very valuable raw material.
Obtaining wool is a responsible process. Immobilization of the animal is considered especially important. After all, one careless swing of a paw or hoof can cause serious wounds to your pet. If the goat or ram is large, then the owner himself may suffer. At first, it is better to collect wool with four hands.
When shearing sheep the first time, get an assistant.
Do-it-yourself aerial installations for boats
Production of PVC airboats to order.
Good afternoon, our reader or future customer. In this article, I (the owner of the WindKing store) will tell you, using Our examples, how an Airboat is made and what are the pros and cons of Airboats.
The first thing We always start choosing from is the foundation. The basis of any airboat is an NDND boat with a flat bottom. The bottom should be flush or recessed 3-4 cm in relation to the plane. There are clients who take NDND boats with a small keel, which is obviously not correct.
How to choose a boat base or from which companies. In the boat market of St. Petersburg (the city where most boats are made) or Russia there are a lot of companies that are ready to do it. These are the flagship of the DK AIR series, Raketa boats (space prices for Mehler material), Flink boats (separate series), Catmarine (we sell these boats and influence their production) and many others.
By the way, we can make any cylinder and boat width to order according to your information (contacts for ordering on the website)
So, we chose the base. The fabric of the boat should be 1050-1100 minimum. The weight of the boat itself makes no difference. Why? This is an NDND, an aero boat in our understanding, transported on a trailer. If you really want to, you can disassemble it, but putting it back together upon arrival takes a lot of time. When you order such a boat, we receive it assembled and take it away from the factory assembled. We don’t take into account the people who will choose an airboat – the compact series.
Size...size of PVC boat. According to our many years of experience, this is from 330 to 400. Yes, there are people who took size 260. There are people who ordered a cylinder size of 60 cm + 5 meters. But these are special orders and the approach is individual.
The most popular size is 380. This is a boat for 2 people + things. The cylinder of such a boat is 45 or 46 cm. The cockpit is from 77 to 80 cm.
The boat transom is from 21 cm to 27 cm. Usually it is 21 or 24 cm. It doesn’t matter, why? You will find out further in the text.
The 380 A Catmarine boat NDND fits well into the middle ground. Its price when ordering from us is 35,000 rubles + we glue all the hanging fittings for you!
Why is it not profitable or convenient to buy ready-made factory boats? As a rule, everything is already on them - eyelets, railings. Liktros and so on. The transom is glued under the outboard motor - at an angle. Ideally, the transom should be straight, but I’ll tell you a secret – it doesn’t matter.
And then there's the magic. The aerial installation itself, mounting the scales, motor, propeller, etc.
Next in importance are scales. There are a lot of disputes, decisions and craftsmen, as soon as they do not skimp on this. In this article I talk about many years of construction experience, and not to prove something to someone. I’ll tell you how to do it and how it’s safe!
Scales. The scales are purchased 3 mm thick. The color is white - it is afraid of ultraviolet radiation and turns yellow if you leave the boat in the sun for the summer. The color is black - it is not afraid, but according to our subjective reviews, it goes a little slower. 85% are white sheets. For size 380 there are 6 to 7 sheets. Their cost is expensive. Many clients order the installation of scales from us separately, because they have seen the quality of workmanship, but we are reluctant to undertake it, since in total it is a lot of work, and the exhaust for the master is not big. Therefore, our policy is to create a turnkey boat.
Pet hair treatment
After the fleece or down is received, they are put into bags without overstuffing them. If there is not much wool, then processing can be carried out on site. For large volumes, it is recommended to involve additional assistance. Preparatory work consists of the following stages:
Sorting
Experienced breeders determine the quality of wool by touch. Soft fluff, fibrous undercoat or hard strands - its further use depends on the properties of the material. It is equally important to sort the wool by color. This stage is carried out manually and is therefore very labor-intensive.
It is very important to carry out high-quality sorting of wool
Mechanical cleaning
Grass stems, bedding elements, stuck pieces of food and other debris are removed from the wool. It is carried out manually along with sorting or on special machines capable of performing primary purification of raw materials.
Manual cleaning of wool
Disinfection
If there is any suspicion of brucellosis or other infectious diseases, the wool is disinfected. To do this, the fibers are placed in a special chamber and subjected to hot steam at a temperature of 111°C for 1.5 hours. Methyl bromide can be used as an alternative. Rabbit down is also processed to replace that taken from the nest before the birth.
Screws, blades and propeller
In addition to the engine, you should also take care of the airboat's propeller. We will make it from solid wooden beams. You can go the other way by gluing together several 10 mm plates with epoxy resin. It is important that the finished element does not contain unnecessary knots and burrs. As for the plates, when fitting them, it is better to make a 1:1 drawing, which will be a kind of template, and using this data to make a boat propeller.
The propeller blades should also be free of burrs and other deformed areas. Such defects can be removed using a small hatchet. Next, the wood is processed with a plane and rasp. Transverse cuts are made on a special slipway. They are needed to install the propeller blades.
How to further make an airboat with your own hands? For the core of the slipway we need ordinary steel. The main thing is that its diameter is equal to the hole in the hub of the mentioned part. Next, the rod is placed on the center of the slipway board. Afterwards, the propeller blank is put on it and pressed against the template with several blades. This workpiece should show template marks (where the blades touch the propeller).
These places should be processed with a plane and placed back on the slipway. The blade processing process must be repeated. Next, using the upper templates, the upper part of the screw is processed. As a result, both elements must touch up to the plane of the connector. All treated areas are marked with a colored pencil or marker, after which zones are created between the control section. The correctness of the work performed is checked with a steel ruler - it is applied to the points of adjacent sections. Ideally, the gap between the ruler and the blades should be minimal.
Methods of spinning wool
Yarn is a textile thread consisting of fibers connected and twisted together. The process of producing yarn from fleece or fluff is called spinning. Three spinning methods are considered the most common.
Thread structure depending on the spinning method
Grebennoy
Or worsted. Used for long fibers, at least 8 cm in size. The yarn is smooth, thin and of high quality. It repels water well and is not abrasion-resistant. The thread is distinguished by its shine, smooth structure and strength. There are ring and spindleless comb spinning systems. During the manufacturing process, it is necessary to carefully monitor the direction of the fibers: they must be straight and parallel to each other. To improve the properties of the yarn, the thread is doubled or twisted.
An ancient method of spinning using a spindle
Cardan
Suitable for medium length fibers. The thread is tensile, uniform, but has protruding remains of short fibers in its structure. The process of making cardan yarn eliminates combing.
Hardware
Otherwise - cloth. Yarn that is loose and uneven in thickness is produced from short fibers. Characterized by strong hairiness. The advantages of this method are the cost-effectiveness and speed of obtaining the thread. Wool is not formed into ribbons, and the fiber is immediately processed into roving. Suitable for blended yarns.
Sheep wool with guard (dark) fibers
Wool, fluff and undercoat obtained from domestic animals are spun using combed, half-combed and machine spinning methods. Cardan is used for cotton and synthetic staple fibers. The half-comb is somewhat similar to the cardan one. It also eliminates the combing step and is suitable for medium length fibers.
Basic spinning operations
| Stage | Description | Combed spinning | Hardware spinning |
| Loosening | Dividing the fleece into small pieces to make it uniform and clear it of debris. | + | + |
| chattering | Applying frequent, sharp and small blows in order to knock out the guard hairs from the coat. During the fraying process, the fibers are oiled to improve their mobility. | + | + |
| Tweezing and mixing | Connecting fibers from different batches. This ensures overall product homogeneity. | + | |
| Carding (carded) | Separating small shreds along the fibers. Allows you to isolate the remaining small impurities. | + | + |
| Preparing for combing | Straightening fibers in one direction. Necessary to reduce the risk of long threads breaking. | + | |
| Combing | Separating and distributing fibers into one tape, removing foreign impurities. It is combing that separates the long and strong fiber from the shorter and split one. | + | |
| Alignment and Extrusion | The fibers are given an even appearance, without frizz or curls. | + | |
| Preventing | Drawing out a ribbon of fibers into a roving. | + | |
| Spinning | Thinning of the roving followed by twisting and winding onto the package. | + | + |
Wool Spinning Tools
For each stage of spinning, their own specific tools are used. In industrial production, special scattering, belt, ring spinning and other machines are used. At home, they often find an unexpected alternative.
Low-power cordless screwdriver as an alternative to a spindle
Prices for popular models of screwdrivers
The most popular wool spinning equipment is listed below. You can purchase them on specialized websites or try to make them yourself.
Down storage box
| Tool | Description |
| It is a rectangular shape with nails driven into the bottom in a regular or checkerboard pattern. Serves for storing down for a long time. Thus, the raw materials will not fall off and can be stored for a long time before processing. | |
| Trepalka or ruffled | The mechanized method of separating large debris from wool is faster and cheaper than the manual method, but produces more waste. |
| A modern device capable of performing scutching and carding at the same time. | |
| It resembles a bow with a leather bowstring stretched across it. Used for beating compacted fluff and wool, separating them into small fibers. | |
| Comb with metal teeth. The dense arrangement of teeth helps to comb out fluff from your pet without causing discomfort. It is also used for processing raw materials and removing impurities from them. In the second case, use 2 combs, running them through the wool or fluff in opposite directions. | |
| Modification of the comb. It is used together with a comb at one of the spinning stages. | |
| Comb or comb | A wooden or metal comb with sparse teeth arranged in a row. There are two types: with a gap of 0.5 cm and 1.5 cm between the teeth. The first is used for combing fluff, and the second is used for combing during worsted spinning. |
| The simplest and most ancient instrument. The appearance resembles a stick, thickened in the lower third. At the lower end there is a recess or notch to secure the thread. The so-called classic Russian spindle. | |
| Spindle with whorl | Other names: drop spindle, hanging spindle. Has a weighting resembling a mushroom cap. There are two types: with an upper and lower whorl whorl. The direction is determined by the location of a special hook for securing the thread. It is always located on top of the hanging spindle. More common among Western spinners. |
| An intermediate link between a spinning wheel and a spindle. The spindle fixed to the frame is rotated using a handle. | |
| It consists of two parts - the blade and the bottom - located at right angles to each other. The top of the blade usually ended in teeth, onto which a tow was placed. The bottom served as a seat for the spinner. | |
| An example of ancient mechanized labor. In this case, the yarn is twisted with both hands, and the wheel is rotated with the foot. Thus, the process of obtaining the thread is significantly accelerated. | |
| As a rule, they are made homemade or old models BEP-01 or BEP-02 are used (pictured). |
How to make wool combs
Carder combs are considered the most popular. They are used both for combing out fluff and for subsequent fluffing of raw materials. This scratching is done as follows:
Carder tape for making combs
In a similar way, carder boards or carders are made, which are based on a carder drum. Only in the first case, a board of the appropriate size or a round blank is taken as a basis. Which device to use for combing wool depends on individual preferences and the amount of raw materials available.
Modern machine for fluff beating and cleaning
Video - DIY wool comb
When working with fluff, special devices are used to beat it. This can be a regular scissor, a wool string, or a mechanized scraper-comb. In the latter case, the time for primary processing of wool at home is significantly reduced. The video shows a detailed diagram and description of a modern-style scraper-comber.
As you can see, if you have a jigsaw, plywood, fittings and the proper dexterity, you can create such a scraper-comber at home. It's quite easy to work with. You just need to place a ball of fluff or wool between the upper and lower teeth and methodically move the upper comb.
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