Pulse sprinkler - types, how to make it yourself

For those who prefer to use time and effort rationally, manufacturers produce small equipment for processing and caring for green spaces in the garden and vegetable garden. But their growth and fruiting is impossible without sufficient moisture. Various devices for manual or automated watering can solve this problem.

The simplest methods are watering from a bucket, watering can or hose connected to a water supply pipe. Their main disadvantage is the large expenditure of time and effort, which can be used with greater benefit; a strong jet can cause harm.

More about the pulse sprinkler

The alternative method of sprinkler moistening is much more profitable, because it is not only the roots in the ground that need water. Dust settling on the leaves clogs the pores of plants, impeding the photosynthesis necessary for their development. Drops from the irrigation system not only uniformly provide the soil with moisture, but also carefully wash away pests and all contaminants, like precipitation.

Thanks to the diffusers, moistening is carried out evenly, without eroding the top layer, and the root system receives enough moisture.

Such an irrigation system can be:

• semi-automatic,
• fully automated.

It ensures uniform feeding of plant roots.

The basis of any sprinkler design:

• frame,
• pipe branch,
• removable or non-removable nozzles.

A more complex system is equipped with a hydraulic pump to increase the spray range and control mechanisms to ensure rotation. By adding a special controller programmed for a specific algorithm, the system waters in accordance with the specified parameters.

The installation of additional sensors allows you to avoid excess humidity. The best time of day for sprinkling is calm weather without wind in the morning and evening. The system can be used to moisten the soil with immediately planted or young plants of almost all types. A modern irrigation sprinkler greatly facilitates the care of green spaces, especially on a large plot.

Important advantages of such a device:

• watering is as close as possible to precipitation,
• the ability to adjust the intensity of the system,

In addition, the watering process requires virtually no human intervention. However, this depends on the design of the irrigation system. The device gently sprays water in a given direction or around itself. Small drops sprayed by the device are easily absorbed by the ground, leaving no traces. After artificial rain, puddles do not form, as after watering with a hose or watering can. This method of watering is important during the period of setting future fruits, because the pressure from the hose can harm them. This is another advantage.

Reducing noise from the unit

Even the most modern and expensive motor cultivators make a lot of noise during operation, especially at high speeds. This factor greatly tires the operator and can serve as a reason for deterioration of relations with neighbors. A homemade muffler will help solve the problem. This is a task that can be accomplished by any craftsman with basic skills in handling iron.

In order to make a muffler for a walk-behind tractor with your own hands, you will need the following tools and materials:

• roulette;
• welding machine;
• Bulgarian;
• electric drill;
• hammer;
• aluminum clamp;
• stainless steel 2 mm thick;
• metal shavings.

Having collected everything you need, you can begin to improve the exhaust system.

This is done in the following sequence:

1. Make 2 oval pipes from stainless steel. The diameter of the pipes should differ by 1-1.5 cm. The pipe joints should be fastened using a welding machine.
2. In a pipe of smaller diameter, make a maximum number of holes with a diameter of 8 mm. Wrap it with metal shavings. Wrap the shavings with steel wire.
3. Insert the smaller pipe into the larger one. Fix them in the desired position using steel rods and welding.
4. Attach the muffler to the exhaust pipe and secure with a clamp.

The noise level after such an improvement will decrease several times. The service life of a homemade muffler will be at least 5 years. So, being content with little, you can significantly improve the conditions for carrying out agricultural and other work using a walk-behind tractor.

Main types

The modern market offers different types of equipment for automated irrigation systems.

They are:

• portable (non-retractable) - with connection to a hose or metal structure located on the ground,
• stationary - connected to an underground water supply system,
• pistol sprayers,
• multi-loop programmable designs.

Portable devices are usually used to water the garden, because making an underground system is more difficult and more expensive. In addition, the beds with different crops change places every year.

Depending on the installation method, water sprinklers are divided into classes:

• retractable,
• non-retractable.

All non-retractable sprinkler models are located above the ground surface. Their range of action is greater than that of retractable models.

According to the principle of operation, such designs for watering a garden are:

• impulse,
• circular,
• oscillating (pendulum).

The entire line of products provides for the creation of the effect of full rain. In this case, the splashes of water are distributed evenly.

Fan sprinklers are best used in a small area, even with uneven terrain. The distance at which they spray water is small, but the moistening is uniform.

Sector pulse sprinkler

The main feature of the operation of a sector sprinkler is the ability to spray water intermittently, and not constantly, and in sectors. This humidification system supplies water in portions through nozzles that rotate in a circle or along a given sector. First, the device sprays moisture onto a distant sector, and after a certain time it irrigates the nearby area of ​​the site.

Video - the process of operation of a pulse sprinkler

Pulse sprayers are good for moistening large areas - parks, squares, lawns, stadiums

Advantages of pulse sprinklers:

• the ability to direct the jets in the desired direction,
• water spray range up to 10-12 meters,
• high resistance to clogging.

In addition, the spraying power in such devices can change smoothly, which ensures uniform soil moisture. For some designs, the tilt of the operating nozzles can be adjusted.

Circular models

The principle of operation of circular sprinklers is to spray water in a circle. They do an excellent job of watering large areas. One such device can provide a microclimate for 350 square meters, but taking into account the selection of the humidification range for each zone of the area and the setting of the spray angle.

Circular devices are divided into:

• unregulated - with fixed heads located on a stand,
• adjustable - with the ability to change the size of the droplets when spraying and spraying water around a circle from 0 to 360 degrees.

Despite the simplicity of their designs, such models are highly effective, capable of adapting to the terrain, and are therefore often recommended by experts. They have one drawback - sensitivity to pollution. Due to insufficient clean water, sprinklers quickly become clogged. But this problem is solved by installing additional filters.

Rotor systems

The designs of rotary models stand out from the product line by the presence of rotating parts that ensure the movement of water jets in a circle. It is the rotation elements that contribute to the expansion of the spray radius.

The stationary part of the sprayers at the bottom serves as a support for the rotating part at the top. Its movement occurs thanks to a planetary gear transmission, which moves under water pressure. Installation of such products involves immersion in the soil. The principle of operation is that water jets fly out from the nozzles under pressure and break up into droplets. In this case, the flow of water does not change direction under the influence of wind.

Rotary sprinklers are:

• unregulated,
• adjustable.

When auto-irrigating using unregulated products, water jets are sprayed around the entire circumference. Adjustable models are equipped with the function of adjusting to a specific sector of a circle from 40 to 360 degrees.

When a certain value is reached, the water stream begins to move in the other direction. The angle at which the water droplets are sprayed can be adjusted, whether the spray is smooth or jerky. The area that can be moistened by one rotary irrigator can exceed 30 square meters. Moreover, it works even with low water pressure and does not require special knowledge to operate.

How does a rotary sprinkler work?

Functionality, reliability, simplicity and accuracy of adjustment are the undeniable advantages of rotary sprinklers, but the disadvantage is that they become clogged with water impurities, so it is better to purchase a model with a built-in filter.

Rotary sprinklers are excellent for providing a microclimate in a flat, spacious area; they can spray moisture over a distance of more than 35 meters.

Retractable

From the name of the irrigation system it is clear that such a design is invisible when switched off, because it is hidden under the ground.

But when the water is turned on, the tips of the device rise above the surface, water is evenly sprayed over the area with a range of 5-7 m. The retractable sprinkler is supplied from stationary water supply systems.

The short range of such models is compensated by the numerous placement of sprayers. This type of device is excellent for irrigating small areas and does not interfere with picnics or active games. Thanks to them, it is convenient to maintain the microclimate on lawns, flower beds, and small lawns without much hassle.

According to the principle of operation, retractable models are:

• rotary,
• fan-shaped.

Structurally, all models consist of a 10-30 cm high rod and a spray head. For retractable rotor products, water falls on the blades of the head mounted at the top, which is sprayed in a circle. Fan models do not have rotating nozzles. When the sprinkler operates, water sprays in only one direction.

In addition to automatic watering systems, such devices are excellent for creating a microclimate in areas with complex landscapes, where the use of long-range sprinklers is impractical.

Oscillating systems

Oscillating models are designed for humidifying rectangular areas or flower beds along paths. Technical parameters do not allow moistening areas more than 30 m long and 17 m wide.

The design consists of a movable horizontal tube with holes, which is mounted on a fixed base. Swinging around its axis, the tube continuously spews jets and changes the spray range, uniformly irrigating the area. The spray range of up to 20 m depends on the amplitude of the tube swinging in the range of 0-180 degrees. An oscillating sprinkler can be installed not only in the ground, but also on a portable tripod if it is necessary to water tall plants.

The body, tube and nozzles of an inexpensive sprinkler are made of plastic. There are options with combinations of materials. More expensive models are equipped with nozzles oriented in different directions, while elite models are equipped with straight or curved metal tubes.

Static structures

The appearance of such products is varied, but they all lack a rotating part. Due to their immobility, static devices are not capable of providing 360° humidification of the area.

As a rule, such cylindrical sprinklers with a protruding core are dug into the soil, but portable models are also available. With their help, you can provide a microclimate in an area of ​​no more than 10 square meters. They do an excellent job of irrigating small flower beds. When choosing such a device, you need to pay attention to its main characteristics, as well as the manufacturer’s brand.

Classification according to the method of creating working fluid pressure

Motorized sprayers

The most powerful garden sprayers are motorized sprayers; atomization occurs under the pressure of a stream of air created by a diaphragm-type pump driven by a small engine, usually a gasoline engine.

Membrane type

A membrane-type pump (diaphragm, diaphragm pump) is a volumetric pump, where the working body is a flexible plate fixed at the edges. Under the influence of some mechanism or force, the plate bends, performing the function of a piston pushing the working fluid.

Electric backpack

A slightly less powerful class is the electric backpack garden sprayer. The diaphragm type pump receives energy from a 12 volt battery.

Due to its optimal power and size, this sprayer has received wide recognition and is often used not only for its intended purpose; and, for example, for washing windows or as a sprayer during construction and renovation. You can also make a foam generator for washing with your own hands. The working fluid is located in a backpack container behind the operator’s back.

Garden backpack

A manual garden backpack sprayer is the simplest, most convenient and versatile option. The pressure in it is created by manually moving a special lever that controls the pump pump. Increased pressure is created in a special pump chamber, from where the liquid is supplied to the spraying system.

Pump-action

A pump pump is a cylinder with a piston that moves inside it ; at the end of the housing there is a valve to admit pumped air into the working area and to prevent it from leaving, thereby pumping up increased pressure of the working fluid.

Backpack manual

There are also manual backpack sprayers with pump pump pumping pressure directly into a container with working fluid. Their disadvantage is that the design of the seams of the working container is not always strong; as a result, the seams can separate, which can lead to burns for the operator.

Video about how to choose the right sprayer.

Be careful when choosing these models.

Pump-action on a belt

The next class is a belt-mounted pump sprayer. The fluid pressure in the system is created by forcing atmospheric air directly into a cylinder with working fluid using a manual pump pump. Quite a durable and reliable device due to the high strength properties of the cylinders.

Manual for open containers

A simple hand-held sprayer for open containers. Structurally, it is not much different from a regular bicycle pump. The hose is lowered into an open container with working fluid and, due to the pressure difference during operating and idle running of the pump, the jet is sucked in and thrown out through the spray head.

Hand sprayer for open containers

Manual in plastic container

Well, and finally, a hand sprayer in a plastic container. Small containers are used , in the lid of which a pump pump is mounted. When you manually pump up the required pressure and press the button on the handle, the liquid is sprayed.

Let's also look at the “gentleman's” set of any sprayer, which necessarily includes:

• container for working fluid or mixture;
• valve to relieve excess pressure for increased safety;
• nozzle for spraying working fluid (with a set of nozzles);
• filter for removing foreign particles from the working fluid;
• pneumatic pump handle (for “manual” models);
• rods for pumping pressure manually (in “manual” models);
• extensions to change the length and shape of the hose;
• fastening parts that ensure tightness and easy assembly and disassembly of the sprayer.

Scheme of water movement during sprinkler operation

High irrigation efficiency directly depends on how far the sprinkler sprays, how well the water distribution is maintained in strong winds, and the size of the water droplets. Droplets that are too small significantly impair spray uniformity.

Wind drift leads to wasteful consumption of moisture and electricity. Instant coverage of the entire area with moisture reduces the degradation of the soil structure.

Sprinklers are installed so that the irrigation range of one product coincides with the start of action of the other. This placement ensures complete coverage of the humidification spray zones. This method is called “head to head” because it is associated with the peculiarity of moisture distribution during the operation of irrigation systems.

Spraying with a “hollow cone” spray

Spraying with a “hollow cone” spray is achieved due to the fact that the liquid tangentially enters the swirl chamber or falls on a specially shaped swirler. As a result, the circular motion imparted to the liquid flow leads to the fact that the jet forms a hollow cone at the exit from the nozzle.

A distinctive feature of spraying with a hollow cone is that the spot of the sprayed liquid on the irrigation surface has the shape of a ring. So, for example, when spraying water, for example, on dry asphalt, we will get a wet ring, and the center of this ring will remain dry.

These nozzles can produce the finest, mist-like spray. Lechler hollow cone nozzles are used for humidification, cooling, disinfection, dust suppression and many other tasks, that is, where it is necessary to create the smallest possible droplet.

How to choose

All automatic watering devices have different technical characteristics, so before purchasing you should consider 3 parameters of the land plot:

• square,
• configuration,
• landscape features.

An oscillating system is ideal for a rectangular garden or vegetable garden. It is better to organize humidification of a large area using a retractable sprinkler. Products with a sector irrigation function will do an excellent job of watering a complex landscape. A pulse sprinkler will provide optimal humidity to areas with numerous shrubs. To water a large lawn, it is better to install a pulse or rotary device.

Reviews

Former military man: I decided to get serious about gardening. Using the information in the article, I built an automatic watering system for the garden with my own hands. By attaching the turntable to the structure, I maintain the constant required humidity in the greenhouse and in the garden within a given radius. The first fruits of labor from the garden appeared on the table earlier, thanks to timely watering. Sergey I. 50 years old.

We bought a Karcher centrifugal electric pump from an online store. It has been working flawlessly for the fourth season, helping us pump water for watering the garden. Very happy with the purchase. Nina Sergeevna, 56 years old.

We are a young family, we purchased a summer house for holidays with children. On the advice of relatives, we organized surface watering of lawns using sprayers. The controller automatically turns on the water at a certain time. The grass grows wonderfully, the relaxation is at the highest level. Slava and Victoria.

At the time of installing water injection, the dollar exchange rate had already skyrocketed, this is especially felt if you need a good kit, and not a cheap “unregulated” injection like AEM or Snow Performance or similar kits that work using a map sensor, and not by loading the injectors. In simple systems, you can only select one of three injectors of different sizes, and the injection itself turns on when the selected condition, for example pressure in the intake manifold, is reached at a constant level. Therefore, at different engine modes, the injection proportion is different and incorrect. With Aquamist HFS-6, injection control is carried out using pulse modulation depending on the load of the injectors. So I had the task of doing the same, only easier, and therefore more reliable... Here is the Aquamist diagram:

The disadvantage of this system, in my opinion, is: 1. The nozzle here is also uncontrollable (a hole in the piece of iron :))), and after the pulse valve the system is open (the supply does not shut off directly at the end of the water path), in front of the nozzle, in this case, It is advisable to install a check valve. 2. The pressure in the intake manifold changes, but the water injection pressure does not. Most likely, the flow rate is adjusted by the system control unit, but this is only if it is correctly connected to all sensors and configured correctly. 3. Despite point 2, the pump may not always produce the same maximum pressure, and the bypass valve in Aquamist is an option, and most likely not cheap. What We Do: 1. To eliminate shortcomings (2) and (3), a customized vacuum pressure regulator will be used in the system. 2. To eliminate the disadvantage (1), the system is based on a controlled high-speed electromagnetic nozzle with very high atomization quality. 3. The previous point allows you to achieve the same effective spraying at half the pressure, which means you can use a less expensive pump. For those who think that normal spray cannot be achieved at such pressure, here is a short, poor video)):

4. For the precise dosage of water injection into the engine, we make our own control unit “from scratch”, which calculates the amount of water supplied to the engine depending on the speed, injector loading and other factors that are necessary for a particular case (boost amount, temperature, etc. .) I have it set up by speed and injectors, and I just look at the intake temperature using the sensor because... I did not implement the transfer of the ECU into emergency mode in case of something (I have a brain drain).

5. We make the injection program. To check the spray pattern and performance of the injectors, I personally assembled a test bench:

How to buy the right sprinkler

When choosing an irrigation system, you need to pay attention to take into account such model parameters as:

• spray radius,
• water consumption,
• droplet size regulator,
• the level of pressure on which the range of moisture spray depends.

It is not recommended to buy cheap irrigation systems, since their parameters often do not coincide with real capabilities. It is preferable to purchase high-quality models from trusted brands. The presence of additional parts in the kit is a strong argument in favor of purchasing the model.

For a large area, it is better to use several structures - one for the lawn, another for the garden bed, and a third for the flower bed.

Spraying with a “flat jet” spray

Spraying with a “flat jet” spray is formed either due to the elliptical shape of the nozzle outlet, or due to the round outlet located tangentially with respect to a special reflective surface. This torch forms flat-jet nozzles, which are also called slot nozzles, since the nozzle of the nozzle usually represents a slot, which forms a flat, linearly shaped jet that expands to the sides.

Nozzles with a so-called flat spray pattern produce a fan-shaped or disc-shaped liquid distribution.

This jet has a significantly smaller area than that of cone nozzles, which in turn significantly increases the impact force of the jet. Lechler flat jet nozzles are used in surface treatment processes, washing, cleaning, lubrication and other areas, that is, where it is necessary to exert the maximum possible impact on the surface being sprayed using the sprayed liquid.

What you need to remember...

1. When working with any sprayer, it is necessary to use a gauze mask to protect the respiratory system, avoid getting the solution in the eyes and on exposed skin.
2. After working with the sprayer, you must thoroughly rinse the container and flexible hose, removing any remaining solution.
3. Before use, the finished solution is passed through a paper or fabric filter to avoid clogging the nozzle.

Gardeners who grow various types of plant crops in their gardens agree: without proper and timely care of your plants, you won’t get far. One of the effective tools for such care is undoubtedly a garden sprayer.

Handmade powerful sprayer

The host of the channel “6 Sotok and Sergey” called this video a “free sprayer.” In the sense that it is practically free and gratuitous. You don’t have to spend a lot of money on it and it’s easy to make with your own hands for any gardener who needs to spray, “poison” potatoes, trees, and bushes. There were a lot of comments, both positive and not so good, with advice where people suggested upgrading. Make it convenient to use at work. The master has been using the sprayer he made for the first time for the eighth year now, no problems. But the idea crept into my head to modernize it and make a more serious device that would really create competition for such bigwigs in the gardening market as Karcher.

Briefly how a powerful water sprayer was made. It was screwed to the shaft with a bottle, which created problems. It is difficult for a person with underdeveloped muscles to hold a weight of almost 2 liters on an outstretched arm.

Let's modernize it all. You can use a shaft, but I decided to use a more civilized base - a ski pole.

Assembly

Let's start the assembly. We remove the tip of our ski pole, it serves for better support on the snow. We get a smooth, lightweight aluminum, hollow, lightweight stick.

The sprayer itself was modernized in a special way. What did you do? The hose was brought in tightly and covered with superglue. They went through a thorough process on top so that it would be better fixed, glued, and there would be no possibility of tearing it out.

Next step. We took a polyethylene hose, or maybe a rubber one, whatever you had at hand. I am a tiler by profession. Hydro level, used it before. Now with a laser level. It was lying idle in the garage. Our task is to connect two hoses to a third. We will introduce one into the other. We see that the diameter is slightly larger, so we will increase the other one with electrical tape.

What is the first thing that fails at Karcher? A pump that pumps air. What's the matter. It has been operating since 1970 without revision. Didn't change the valve. But even if something happens to it, there are repair kits. These pumps are sold as cheap ones.

What did you do? Just a pressure gauge for convenience, to know what pressure we are pumping into the wheels. In this case, we will know what pressure is in a six-liter jar of water. I took a larger jar than before, no longer 2 liter. We wound it up, put it on tightly, and spliced ​​two hoses. We wrap the electrical tape tightly over the top. Action will prevent one hose from ripping out of another. The insulating tape itself holds the gap and will not allow the hose to break, that is, jump out. They wrapped it up well. Well, not really, everything is tight here anyway. Thus, two were merged. Continuation of the review from 5 minutes on the video

Source

DIY sprayer nozzle

Based on various topics about converting hand-held garden sprayers into foam generators for contactless washing, I started my own. Of course, this is more correctly called a “foam kit”. (working version v3.0 for now, I’ll change something else