Do-it-yourself chip ejector: a step-by-step process for making a cyclone-type sawdust vacuum cleaner for beginners according to drawings

We'll tell you what hoods are and how to choose the right one.

Air purification in the production workshop is a mandatory measure to preserve the health and well-being of employees, as well as maintain order in the workplace. There are certain sanitary standards for each specific production, indicating what the air should be like. Based on this, a hood for a woodworking machine and other ventilation elements are selected.

Since the general ventilation system is not designed to eliminate dust, the key factor is the provision of local suction - an aspiration system. Local hoods must ensure high-quality removal of small particles of wood, dust and waste. And for high-quality operation of the machine, it is recommended to buy coolant from our company.

How does the chip pump work?

A flexible hose, preferably corrugated, of small diameter, is connected to the mechanism. The smaller the cross-section of the hose, the higher the speed of the sucked air, which means the quality of cleaning will be better. Along with large chips, small particles several microns in size will be removed from the room.

The air in the device is discharged due to the rotation of an impeller connected to an electric motor.

Rules for selecting ventilation for a workshop

Every consumer often wants to get the desired maximum result at a minimum cost. To do this, you must first study all the factors that will help or influence such a result. To select the most optimal ventilation system option, it is necessary to take into account the following components:

- the material from which the room will be constructed;

— cleanliness of the environment.

Another very important component is the required amount. Remember that we recommend not saving on the ventilation system, because this will ultimately affect your comfort, and most importantly, your health. Now let's talk about the types of ventilation in more detail and tell you about their advantages and disadvantages.

Now let's talk about the types of ventilation in more detail and tell you about their advantages and disadvantages.

Forced ventilation

Sometimes a workshop needs a huge number of tide valves. In this case, it is best to give preference to a forced ventilation system. Assembly is carried out on absorbent fans. The ventilation system kit includes a ventilation network and ventilation equipment. Installation of flow-exhaust ventilation allows for the presence of the following components:

1. Heater;
2. Filter;
3. Noise suppressor;
4. Air valve;
5. Fan.

The ventilation equipment design must include an air intake grille, air distribution devices and air ducts. Air distribution devices should include anemostats, grilles and diffusers.

This is what the forced ventilation operation diagram looks like:

The filter is designed to clean air flows from dust; the heater, in turn, heats the absorbed air if ventilation is used in winter. A heater can be installed, but it is not required. Its action comes from water or electricity. The first option is more expensive, since during installation you need to make a hydraulic connection. When the system has an exhaust hood, and ventilation operates due to the supply and exhaust flow, it is necessary to install a recovery system, which will make it possible to reduce the energy consumption for heating the passing air.

Natural ventilation

A natural ventilation system in production should be implemented in the following cases:

— clean outdoor atmosphere;

— if the building materials include the following elements: gas block, cinder block, wood, foam block, metal, expanded clay block, adobe, monolithic expanded clay concrete, ceramic block.

Natural ventilation of the workshop is a very effective and less labor-intensive method compared to forced ventilation. It is often carried out in separate buildings that are made of metal materials and which often have long gaps between the walls and the roof.

Selection of material

A hose, preferably with a fabric braid, from an old vacuum cleaner, is suitable for removing air with debris. You will need a plastic sewer pipe D = 50 mm and a length of 150 mm, a plastic corner bend of 45 degrees and a length of 200 mm, a plastic bucket from 10 to 25 liters with a lid, and a second bucket can be purchased in smaller sizes (5 - 10 liters).

You will also need 20 mm thick plywood, screws and sealant.

Cost of hoods

The price of kitchen air purifiers depends on many factors: performance, noise level, body material, functionality, type of control. Affordable models are produced by Maunfeld, ZigmundShtain, Korting: their products have good performance, but are quite noisy in operation. The lines of large manufacturers such as Faber, Elikor, Franke include hoods from economy to premium class.

We hope this article will help you choose the right hood that will make your work in the kitchen easier and more enjoyable. Have a nice shopping!

The fact that a hood is needed in the kitchen is recognized not only by the owners of gas stoves, but also by electric ones that do not emit combustion products. Even if you are not cooking over an open fire, the room is filled with fumes and smells that are not always pleasant. And when cooking with gas, you can’t do without a ventilation device. Combustion products and fat particles, mixing with dust and other contaminants, will soon cover the ceiling and walls of your kitchen with an unpleasant yellowish-gray coating, which is almost impossible to clean.

Owners of large kitchens and studio apartments should approach the selection of a stove hood responsibly, so that the purchased device is functional and does not just take up space in the room. For example, it is not recommended to choose inexpensive suspended or built-in models - as a rule, their power is not enough to purify the air over a large area. A model built into a table is also not always the right solution; moreover, it costs 1.5-2 times more than a wall-mounted one.

Cyclone assembly

The design of the chip ejector must include the use of a cyclone filter.

Cyclone assembly:

• Installation of a ring for fixation;
• Side pipe fastening;
• Assembling a figured insert;
• Making a cyclone.

Device Features

As a rule, the air stream should be cleared of debris and passed through a container of water or a cloth filter. This will be quite enough to retain dust and small household debris. The vacuum cleaner for sawdust and shavings has a slightly different design.

It does not have a fabric filter, because it will only create unnecessary resistance to air flow.

Wood shavings, sawdust and dust should be removed from the air ceiling into a centrifugal force apparatus, namely a cyclone. In most large industries, industrial-type chip vacuum cleaners are used to suck out large sawdust and shavings and the working area of ​​a wood processing machine. These are large devices with incredible power, although they are designed in the same way as small carpentry-type vacuum cleaners.

Making a ring and insert

1. Cut off the side of a small plastic bucket.
2. Having placed the container on the plywood, you need to circle its bottom and determine the center of the resulting circle. To find the center, it is enough to draw 2 perpendiculars to the drawn tangents.
3. Another circle is drawn 30 mm larger than the first.
4. Using a jigsaw, cut out a ring along the drawn circles.

Focus on productivity!

For example, for a kitchen of 18 m² with ceilings of 2.9 m, you need a device with a productivity of at least 626 m3/hour.
In general, such knowledge is enough to correctly select the parameters of a kitchen hood. However, we consider it necessary to pay attention to some points. They are described in a separate article on how to calculate hood power

Important! Owners of studio apartments and kitchens adjacent to the loggia need to take into account their volume when calculating the exhaust power, otherwise odors and vapors will not be removed effectively enough, spreading to other rooms of the apartment.

Choosing a hood with a power much higher than the design one is also fraught with consequences - the device will draw air not only from the kitchen, but also from other rooms, the smell from which is not at all needed in the kitchen.

Ring retainer installation steps

The ring is attached to the cut out side of the plastic container.

1. Screw the side using self-tapping screws.
2. To prevent the plywood from bursting from the screws, you need to drill holes at the fastening points of a smaller diameter than the thickness of the screws.
3. On the lid of a large container, a circle is marked equal to the diameter of the bottom of the container itself.
4. Cut out the resulting circle, securing it to the side of a small container with screws.

Noise level

The noise level produced by the hood often causes a lot of inconvenience. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to “listen” to how the model works before purchasing it. But even after this, the client can make a mistake, since in the sales area the background noise is many times higher, and the dimensions of the stores are usually larger than the kitchen in the studio.

For a small room, a model that creates noise at a level of 50 decibels is suitable. It is comparable to a calm conversation with a person at a distance of several meters. If the equipment is louder, you should never buy it.

Installation of the pipe

Before installation, you need to make a hole in the bottom (not in the center) of a small container, and insert a 45-degree elbow into it. The outlet is attached with self-tapping screws and sealant to ensure tightness and strength of the joints.

Operating principle

The cyclone, as it may seem at first glance, was created even primitively. This is an ordinary large round container (barrel or bucket). The incoming air flow begins to enter the upper part of the container, and at the same time the air stream is directed horizontally, along the wall. Due to this, the flow begins to twist spirally. The centrifugal force begins to throw all solid particles of debris towards the wall, and they gradually begin to collect at the bottom of the container. Since the air is light, the purified flow gradually begins to calm down in the center of the round container.

The vacuum of the cyclone inside the housing is created by suction of air from the pipe, which is located exactly along the axis of the container. In this part of the cyclone, the air is already cleared of sawdust, dust and shavings, and for this reason can be sucked out using any pump of suitable capacity. Even a household vacuum cleaner is often used as a pump. The design of an industrial cyclone-based chip extractor usually uses a special pump. As a rule, pumps of a centrifugal type are used here, and it looks like a “squirrel wheel” with blades placed across it, instead of the most common spokes.

The wheel should be placed in a housing that is shaped like a snail. A centrifugal wheel driven by an electric motor begins to accelerate the air mass around the ring and strongly throws it out through the exhaust pipe, which is located on the outside of the pump. In addition, a vacuum appears in the center of the centrifugal wheel. The pump design is characterized by excellent performance and unpretentiousness.

Please note that such devices are capable of sucking out even very contaminated air, and this makes them even more valuable in the design of an industrial vacuum cleaner based on cyclone cleaning.

Top outlet mounting

1. The entries are drilled in the center of the bottom of the small bucket.
2. The plastic pipe is attached to a sheet of plywood with a prepared hole equal to the thickness of the pipe.
3. The structure is screwed from below with four screws.
4. Fill all formed joints with sealant. In addition to tightness, it gives the assembly additional strength.

The insert is attached to the outer wall of the filter using self-tapping screws.

How does a cyclone chip pump work?

The air purified by the cyclone along with the garbage from the room is thrown outside. The filter involves the use of an electric motor with a power of 3.5 kW.

It sets into rotation the impeller, which can withstand a fairly large load and create the necessary air vacuum. Filtration in such a chip ejector is carried out in several stages.

Large debris, after passing through the filter, is collected in a special bag. The installation housing must be sealed. To reduce noise, the housing can be covered with absorbent material.

It is possible to make such a device yourself.

Technical characteristics overview

When purchasing a new hood or replacing an old one, you need to find out the features of specific models. Attention should be paid to both the structure and design, and most importantly, to the technical characteristics on which the efficiency of the ventilation equipment depends.

Device performance calculation

In order to correctly navigate the choice of an effective device, you need to know the exact area of ​​​​the room. Typically, both the performance and the desired size of the kitchen are indicated in the technical data sheet of the product.

For example, Krona Camilla 600 has a capacity of 550 m³/h (in recirculation mode - 385 m³/h), so it is recommended for servicing rooms up to 11 m² (ceiling height 2.5-2.7 m).

If you use a less powerful installation for the same area, it simply will not cope with the task, and a more powerful hood will waste energy in vain

To calculate the performance yourself, you need to multiply the volume of the room by the number of recirculation cycles and take into account the error factor. For the kitchen, the minimum number of recirculation cycles is 12, KP is 1.3. Therefore, to find out the required performance, we consider:

11 x 2.5 x 12 x 1.3 = 429 m³/h

We can conclude that when using the Krona Camilla 600 hood, for sufficient air exchange over an area of ​​11 m², it is better to use the mode with exhaust ventilation, and use recirculation only as an additional function.

An error factor of 1.3 is usually used when calculating the performance of exhaust hoods; for recirculation models it is slightly higher - 1.7.

Is noise level that important?

The second important parameter that you need to pay attention to is the noise level. If the owners of an apartment or house spend a lot of time in the kitchen, it is advisable to keep it to a minimum. This point is also relevant for those who live in studios where the living room is combined with the kitchen.

Strong and sharp noises have a negative impact on human well-being, therefore increased demands are placed on household appliances equipped with fans and motors

Modern devices operate quite quietly, as they are equipped with special acoustic noise protection. In coal hoods, sounds can be made by a fan, a motor, and air moving inside the structure.

In devices with ventilation outlets, noise often appears due to improperly connected air outlet channels.

If you want the atmosphere in the kitchen to be comfortable during and after cooking, give preference to models with a noise level of 50-55 dB. The quietest devices operate in the range of 35-42 dB

The high cost of the model does not indicate that the hood will work quietly. On the contrary, expensive equipment is more productive than cheap equipment, so it is often devices with a high price tag that create a lot of background sounds - more than 60 dB. Let’s assume that the Neff D55ML66N0 model (36 thousand rubles) has a noise level of 72 dB, and the Elica Hidden HT (51.5 thousand rubles) has a noise level of 62 dB.

Convenient control and adjustment

You have to use the hood every day, so it is advisable to purchase a model with accessible, understandable and convenient controls. All control options can be divided into two large categories: manual and remote.

Manual (or mechanical) has varieties:

• slider (more and more rare);
• push-button (the most common type);

Expensive models are equipped with electronic control devices with touch contact panels for transmitting commands.

Models in the mid-price segment are designed traditionally: on the front panel there is a row of buttons with which you can set the desired mode (diversion or recirculation), change the speed, and turn on the backlight.

Modern programmable hoods have a number of useful additional delayed-action functions. For example, the interval ventilation mode will continue to clean the air even without your presence after certain periods of time.

For models with remote control, almost all adjustments are made from the remote control, but the front panel also has buttons or a touch screen for selecting the operating mode. The more convenient the method of operation, the more expensive the equipment.

Important Features and Options

In addition to the basic technical characteristics, there are a number of properties that can become very useful during operation. But if additional functions are not needed, you can save a lot on the purchase, since electronic filling, various modes, and programming increase the cost several times.

Image gallery

Photo from

Lighting – illumination of the work area

Operating modes – outlet and recirculation

Number of working speeds

Availability of filter contamination indicator

The competition of exhaust hoods in the household appliances market is intense, so manufacturers compete to invent new functions. For example, for some models you can regulate not only the intensity of air suction, but also the degree of illumination of the space, and also adjust the speed change in automatic mode.

Guidelines for choosing a hood without communication with ventilation are presented in the article, the contents of which we advise you to familiarize yourself with.

Filter from plastic buckets

To make a garbage disposal, you will need a cutting tool, a tool for drilling, surface treatment, a heat gun, a pencil, a ruler, and a knife.

The material you can use is laminated chipboard, a plastic thirty-liter tank, a PVC pipe, hot melt adhesive, silicone sealant, bolts, nuts, and screws. You will also need a vacuum cleaner with a hose.

Manufacturing procedure

1. A partition is cut from a sheet of laminated chipboard to connect plastic containers.
2. Grooves are cut on it for a tight connection with the edge of the bucket.
3. A plate is cut to cover the cyclone filter.
4. The jumper is attached to the buckets using sealant, then a hole is drilled that connects both vessels.
5. The bottom of the container is cut out to create a cone.
6. The assembled structure is tightened using clamps and left alone until the sealant dries.
7. The recess on the hopper lid is filled with hot melt adhesive.
8. Using a drill, you need to make a hole with a diameter of 50 mm. A 120 mm long pipe with sealant is installed into it.
9. A PVC corner outlet is inserted into the side hole. It is secured with bolts and nuts.

The cover is put on the mechanism and the vacuum cleaner is connected. The connected hose can be wrapped with electrical tape for better tightness.

The nuances of ventilation depending on the type of garage

Before carrying out ventilation, you need to take into account a number of nuances.
Natural ventilation replaces air masses due to the difference in temperature outside and inside the garage. To effectively move air, you need to make 2 ventilation holes. It is better if ventilation is provided before the construction of supporting structures.

To keep your garage well ventilated, you need to follow these rules:

1. The inlet opening must be at least 10 cm above the floor surface. To prevent debris and dust from penetrating into it, the hole is covered with a mesh. To protect against snow in winter, the air duct on the street is placed at least 30 cm from the ground.
2. The exhaust hole is placed in the upper corner opposite the supply hole (preferably diagonally or as far as possible from the inflow), 10 cm from the ceiling. The air removal pipe is installed 50 cm above the roof level and protected from above with a “fungus”.
3. Grilles are built into the gates as supply openings. In this case, effective air exchange is possible only if the size of the installed grilles is 2-3 times larger than the cross-section of the required exhaust pipe.
4. Removing dirty air will be better if you install a deflector. It creates an area of ​​low pressure. To prevent condensation from appearing on the deflector, it must be well insulated.

The good thing about this kind of garage ventilation is that you don’t need to spend a lot of money on it. Of the minuses, it should be mentioned that due to unstable weather (changes in pressure, temperature and strength of air flows), it will not be possible to fully control the quality of air exchange.

Depending on the material

In a metal garage, condensation always appears on the walls, and in winter, ice forms on the roof, damaging the coating. Condensation must be dealt with, because high humidity causes metal corrosion and, as a result, rapid wear of the car.

In a garage, condensation occurs due to two factors:

• Lack of ventilation or errors in its design.
• Lack of room heating or poor insulation.

You can prevent condensation yourself; you just need to provide good ventilation and reliably insulate the garage. If there is ventilation and it works as it should, but condensation appears, then you need to think about cleaning its channels - perhaps they are forgotten by garbage. Over time, ventilation becomes contaminated with oily deposits and dust, which can harm human health.

With a basement

Using a basement for storing canned food and vegetables is only permissible if the ventilation system is working properly. Almost all ventilation systems are applicable in the basement. But usually for such an area there is enough natural ventilation, for the production of which sewer plastic pipes are used.

When planning the design you need to consider:

• The cellar ventilation system should be made with a minimum number of bends and turns of pipes.
• The exhaust pipe must be well insulated to prevent condensation.
• The diameter of the pipes cannot be changed in any section.
• External ventilation inlets must be protected with special caps to protect against precipitation.

When creating ventilation in the basement, you need to place the exhaust pipe under the basement ceiling and lead it to the roof of the garage, and the supply pipe - 0.5 meters above the floor.

With a pit

If your garage has an inspection hole, then it is advisable to ventilate it separately from the rest of the garage. Condensation often accumulates here and, as a result, fungus, mold and even insects appear on the walls.

To ventilate the pit, natural air circulation is enough. This is not difficult to do. Gaps are left along the edges of the flooring (about 10-15 cm wide). Where fresh air will enter, the gap can be doubled, which will significantly increase traction. We must remember that it is undesirable to park the car over a hole with the gap open.

Making a cyclone from a traffic cone

A very simple and quick way to make is to use a traffic cone.

1. You need to cut off the bottom and top of the cone and, turning it over, place it in any container to accumulate waste.
2. Make a round lid approximately equal to the top of the chip by drilling a 40 mm hole in it.
3. Secure the corner bend into the opening made in the side wall with glue.
4. Glue all connections with a heat gun for tightness and strength. The waste collector is connected to the vacuum cleaner through a corrugated hose.

The chip ejector can be made from a wide variety of available materials with your own hands.

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To choose forced ventilation, you need to know what it is intended for and what harmful factors are found in your room that ventilation will eliminate.

Photo of a homemade chip sucker