Do-it-yourself snow sled: step-by-step instructions

Safety precautions

First of all, you need to pay attention to the normal protection of the screw from the unwanted entry of foreign objects into it.
That is, a person or animal standing next to the machine should not be harmed by a rotating propeller. To do this, it is installed in a special protective mesh box. For this, it is installed in a special protective mesh box.

During the assembly of the snowmobile, it is necessary to strictly adhere to the dimensions and requirements of the drawings, if they are taken from an official source

If production is carried out independently from scrap materials and your own ideas, then you should pay attention to the correct level of tightening of bolts and nuts. They should hold the parts together tightly enough, but not overtighten, so that during use they do not crack or fall apart while moving. The ski should have a raised nose so as not to bury itself in the snow

The engine must be in good working order and have sufficient fuel and oil. The propeller must be constantly checked for defects

The ski should have a raised nose so as not to dig into the snow. The engine must be in good working order and have sufficient fuel and oil. The propeller must be constantly checked for defects.

Aerosleighs make life ten times easier for a fisherman who wants to make an excellent catch on a large body of water in winter. A properly planned and manufactured snowmobile will not only delight the owner with its practicality, but will also help with housework. Therefore, for a person who often faces winter forays into untouched nature, a snowmobile will turn into the best assistant.

An alternative option for making snowmobiles

Homemade snowmobiles can be made using other technology. As in the first case, they will be single-seat, but they will have to be equipped with four skis. In this case, one should adhere to the main principle, which is expressed in the use of as few scarce materials as possible. This will significantly reduce the cost of the design and make it as simple as possible. It is recommended to pay attention to weight loss. Despite the fact that this design will have four skis, and not three, as in the previous version, it should be lighter.

Technical characteristics of snowmobiles

In terms of technical properties, snowmobiles differ little from chainsaws. However, with low thrust it is possible to develop high speed.

• 4700 rpm engine power;
• 15 hp;
• 62 kg - maximum propeller thrust;
• screw diameter 1300 mm;
• 2300 — maximum number of propeller revolutions per minute;
• 1.85 — gear ratio;
• 0.68 sq.m. – area of ​​the sliding surface of the runners (skis);
• 40-50 l. — volume of the fuel tank;
• 40-50 km/h – maximum speed;
• 50-70 km/h - maximum speed on packed snow;
• 75-80 km/h - maximum speed on virgin snow;
• 100-110 km/h – maximum speed on ice;
• 90.7 kg – weight without driver (dry weight);
• 183 kg – total curb weight.

Load capacity

Carrying capacity refers to the weight of the driver, passengers, cargo and additional fuel. The snowmobile carries 1-5 passengers on board. The weight of cargo on board reaches 300 kg.

Thus, snowmobiles become useful in moving goods and people between remote settlements in snowy areas. They will also become indispensable during a hunt to drag away a carcass or get to the desired square.

Range

If a snowmobile has a small-displacement engine, then it has one standard tank of 40 liters. At cruising speed it is possible to cover up to 300 km.

Fuel reserve

The amount of fuel in the car directly depends on the volume of the fuel bank. On average it is 40-50 liters. In relation to weight and occupied volume, this is considered a standard that harmoniously distributes the load.

Therefore, it is possible to cover long distances without refueling. In addition, an additional canister of fuel with a volume of up to 20 liters is taken on board, and when the reserve in the tank is used up, add an additional one and get to your destination.

Speed

On compacted snow, the speed of the sled is 40-50 km/h. When driving in deep snow and virgin soil, 75-80 km/h. Nast allows you to accelerate to 110 km/h. However, it is dangerous to move at such a speed, the stability of the machine is reduced and there is a risk of capsizing.

Engine braking and starting system

The brakes on a mechanized sled are installed in the form of a scraper on the rear ski. When the driver presses the brake pedal using a cable system, the scrapers are lowered to the ground and slow down.

The engine is started either by spinning the flywheel using a cable, or by using the ignition system via a key.

Snowmobile Ka-30

An snowmobile is a mechanical vehicle that is not equipped with a transmission. It moves due to a pusher propeller driven by an internal combustion engine. Simply put, the screw located at the back, rotating, makes the sled slide on skis on snow or on floats on water. Typically, snowmobiles use aircraft engines and propellers.

Starting from the 20s, snowmobiles were built in the USSR for the development of the North and for military needs. At the end of the 50s, several dozen Sever-2 sleighs were manufactured using the cabin and body parts of the Pobeda car.

In 1962, the development of the Ka-30 snowmobile began, which largely met the requirements, using design solutions that were modern for those years. The Dalmashzavod enterprise in Komsomolsk-on-Amur mastered their production in 1966, and the annual production amounted to 25-30 cars. at the N.I. Design Bureau were used in the production of the Ka-30. Kamova.

To achieve maximum capacity with relatively small dimensions, a carriage layout was chosen for the all-metal body. Outwardly, it resembled minibuses of those years, so subsequently a false version was born that “the snowmobile had a body from an RAF bus.” In fact, the Ka-30 body did not have a single part taken from the RAF, and was manufactured using a fundamentally different technology. The bodies of Soviet minibuses were welded from steel panels using the method accepted in the automotive industry, and the body of snowmobiles was made of duralumin by riveting, like the fuselages of airplanes and helicopters.

The basis of the Ka-30 body was a power floor on which all other structural elements and components were mounted. In the central part of the floor along the entire length there was a tunnel for wiring communications: control cables, pipelines, electrical cables. He also played the role of an amplifier. Two partitions divided the interior of the snowmobile into three compartments. In front is a two-door cabin. Just like in a car and airplane, under the windshield there was an instrument board, control panels for the propeller unit and an electrical panel. These units were hung on a transverse power beam. The driver's and mechanic's seats were located in the same way as in a car cabin. An autonomous cabin heating unit was located under the mechanic's chair. The inside of the cabin was lined with heat and sound insulation panels with a decorative coating.

The main and fog lights were installed on the front panel of the body, just like on a car. A searchlight was hinged on the roof and controlled from the cabin. There was an aircraft-type thermometer on the window rack of the snowmobile.

The second compartment was intended for cargo and passengers. Folding seats ran along the sides of the compartment, and brackets were mounted in the floor to secure the cargo. The only door in this compartment made it possible to load large boxes, and even two-hundred-liter barrels. An emergency hatch was provided in the roof of the compartment.

The cargo-passenger compartment was equipped depending on the specialization of the sled. A postal version was considered to be a modification in which there was a lockable mailbox made in the form of a sofa on the left side, bars were placed on all windows, and the front door could be locked from the outside. Such measures to protect the cargo indicate that in addition to mail, the “postal” sleds carried money, samples of rare earth metals, gold sand and other valuables.

For passenger and ambulance Ka-30s, the sides and ceiling of the compartment were lined with heat and sound insulation and decorative panels. The salon could accommodate up to 8-10 people. For medical sleds, it was possible to install a stretcher.

In the third, rear compartment of the body there was space for the main and additional fuel tanks and air system units. In front of the engine, there was an oil tank on the upper inclined casing.

The running gear of the snowmobile consisted of four identical skis and an independent suspension made in a parallelogram pattern. Like the front wheels of a car, the two front skis were steered. The driver turned them with a regular steering wheel. The steering column, worm gear, bipod, and steering rods were borrowed from the ZIL-130 truck. The parts of this car had the necessary margin of safety, were mass produced, were cheap and not in short supply. During maneuvers, the front skis rotated relative to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle by ±25°.

Skis of two types were intended for the Ka-30: welded from steel or glued from fiberglass. Fiberglass had a significantly longer service life. Each ski consisted of two soles: one - power, the second - running, removable, directly sliding along the road. The running sole could be polyethylene, fluoroplastic or steel. A steel tape with an undercut passed along it. Paired with the side corner profiles, the undercuts prevented skidding and made the vehicle move more stable. A bracket was built into the body of the ski, with the help of which it was mounted to the suspension axle.

The power unit of the Ka-30 was a nine-cylinder star-shaped piston engine AI-14RS (geared, sled). Engine power was 260 hp. at 2450 rpm. To improve cooling, deflectors were installed between the engine cylinders. Snowmobiles reached a maximum speed of up to 140 km/h.

The Ka-30 was pushed by a three-blade propeller of the AB-79 type, with a diameter of 2.7 m. The pitch of the metal blades changed automatically. The dangerous zone of propeller rotation was fenced off by brightly painted tubular trusses, at the ends of which marker and backlight lights were placed.

Snowmobiles "Ka-30" were used by the ministries of communications, geology, non-ferrous metallurgy, agriculture, and gas industry; they carried passengers and cargo in remote areas of Siberia and the Far North, the Far East, and Kazakhstan. The sleds worked on local lines several tens of kilometers long. They had to drive through snow, ice, and frosts below 40°C. True, the average annual mileage of a car rarely exceeded 12-15 thousand km. In the summer, snowmobiles were moved to floats and used on rivers as high-speed gliders. The Ka-30 was used until the end of the 80s.

A total of 234 Ka-30s were produced from 1962 to 1974. The museum displays a snowmobile produced in 1972.

Technical specifications

Technical characteristics of snowmobiles

A snowmobile is essentially a chainsaw, but with relatively little power it can reach high speeds. For example:

• Engine speed – 4700.
• Power – 15 hp
• The maximum propeller force is 62 kg.
• Screw diameter – 1300 mm.
• The highest number of propeller revolutions is 2300.
• The gear ratio is 1.85.
• The area of ​​the runners is 0.68 square meters.
• The capacity of the fuel tank is 40-50 liters.
• The highest speed is 40-50 km/h.
• The highest speed on hard snow is 50-70 km/h.
• The highest speed on snow, in open spaces is 70-80 km/h.
• The highest speed on snow crust is 100-110 km/h.
• Maximum weight (without driver) – 90.7 kg.
• Maximum weight with cargo – 183 kg.

Load capacity

Load capacity is the total weight of the vehicle with passengers and equipment. The snowmobile can accommodate up to 5 people. Therefore, when fully equipped, the weight of the vehicle can reach 300 kg.

In other words, a snowmobile is a fairly capacious type of transport that allows you to transport people and cargo over considerable distances in conditions of total snow cover. They may also not be replaceable in fishing or hunting conditions.

Movement range

If the vehicle does not have a powerful engine, then one tank with a capacity of 40 liters is enough to travel up to 300 km.

Fuel reserve

As a rule, a standard tank of 40-50 liters is installed. In addition, on the road you need to take a container of fuel with a volume of 20 liters. This fuel is quite enough to cover a significant distance without refueling. In any case, you need to correctly calculate the fuel supply, since in the snowy wilderness, it is unlikely that you will be able to refuel.

Travel speed

On ordinary compacted snow, a snowmobile can be accelerated to 50 km/h, and on untouched, long-standing snow – up to 80 km/h. The presence of hard crust allows the structure to accelerate to 110 km/h. At such a speed, there is a danger of capsizing, since the stability of the snowmobile decreases.

Design of brakes and engine starting

Since snowmobiles are an exclusive type of transport, the brake system has a far from classical design. The design of the brakes resembles a kind of scrapers that are mounted on the ends of the rear skis. They are activated by cables coming from the brake pedal. When you press the pedals, the scrapers go down, which slows down the speed of the snowmobile.

Do it yourself

Everyone decides for themselves whether to buy drags or make them with their own hands. If you have the opportunity to easily spend about 10-15 thousand rubles on a fairly good sled, there is no point in messing around with homemade products.

But if you think this cost is unreasonably high, you can make a variation of the drags with your own hands. A similar thing for a snowmobile will consist of:

• metal profile pipe (size about 20×20 mm with walls 2-3 mm thick);
• metal sheet;
• round plastic pipes;
• sheet of plywood (thickness not less than 10 mm);
• additional design elements;
• inserts for a comfortable fit (optional);
• sides (if needed), etc.

It is better to take good metal as a material for the frame. This is a guarantee of the reliability and durability of the structure. Although the drags will be heavier than those made on the basis of plastic pipes, there will be no problems with service life.

You just have to change your plastic skis occasionally. After all, over time they will wear out, break and collapse. The process is natural, nothing to worry about.

Assembly procedure

The procedure for making a simple version of drags looks something like this:

• Using 4 pieces of pipe, a metal frame is made for a rectangular base. Set the dimensions yourself;
• If the design will be used for cargo transportation, it is better to supplement the base frame with special cross members;
• Vertically located racks are mounted to the base;
• The number of racks used depends on the length of the drag itself;
• Basically, 2-4 racks are used on each side;
• Skis are made from pipes, this time plastic. I advise you to level them so that you get flat-shaped skis;
• The pipe, cut in half lengthwise, is straightened with a construction hairdryer;
• The heated plastic is pressed with something heavy to fix the new shape. Wait for the plastic to cool;
• Skids are mounted on the frame;
• It is desirable that the upper part of the ski runners be at the level of the frame and mounted to the edge of the base. Otherwise you will bury yourself in the snow;
• A drawbar and a lock for coupling with a snowmobile are mounted in the front part;
• A sheet of plywood is laid on top of the frame as a flooring.

Then equip and decorate this variation of drags at your discretion. You can look for ideas on the Internet, or just use your imagination. Nobody limits you here.

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Budget snowmobiles: manufacturing process

The following describes a conventional snowmobile of a classic ski design with a frame. They can be used for fishing, hunting and trips for one person.

Frame

The manufacture of the frame of the snowmobile should ensure that it is light in weight. Usually the lower part of the frame is made to accommodate the seat, rectangular or trapezoidal in shape. It must be placed slightly ahead of the center, since an engine, tanks, propeller, luggage will be added, and it is advisable to place the center of gravity in the middle of the frame. Next comes the manufacture of the frame for the engine, transmission and propeller. It is made triangular, the top will be the bearing on which the drive screw rotates.

The frame for the screw must be no less strong than the bottom one. It must withstand serious loads, because the force driving the snowmobile is applied to it.

This frame has wide gussets in the form of rods that are attached to the triangle posts and extend forward. It is not advisable to take up space at the back, as this will interfere with the rotation of the propeller.

The frame material is selected from thick polypropylene pipes with reinforcement. These pipes provide satisfactory strength, but may lose shape over time under load. If possible, it is advisable to use aluminum pipes and connect them using bends and tees. Aluminum connections for welding at home are quite a complex thing, and even with argon welding it will be inferior in strength to connections made with angles.

Propeller and engine

A fairly powerful Lifan 168f-2 four-stroke engine is used. Four-stroke engines start a little worse in cold weather, but are much quieter. A plastic additional gas tank from a walk-behind tractor is used. The power supply itself is quite sufficient for a snowmobile with a total traveling weight of up to 500-600 kilograms.

The propeller is manufactured independently, two-bladed, has a diameter of 1.5 meters, increased in size according to drawings for aircraft models. Making a screw yourself is a fairly complex process and will require carpentry skills. In addition, you will need wood from maple, hornbeam, beech, Karelian birch or other fairly durable wood, dry. If possible, it is better to purchase an aluminum screw with pre-known characteristics in the store.

From the engine to the propeller, a reduction gear is used on belts with a 1:3 ratio from a woodworking machine, with a tension roller. With the choice of speed modes for snowmobiles, everything is quite sad, and it’s difficult to talk about the gearbox here due to the fact that the propeller itself will only work effectively at fairly high speeds, and reducing them does not increase traction, quite the contrary.

Victoria Leshchenko

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The propeller must be completely enclosed on all sides! Most homemade snowmobiles you see on YouTube or other sources don't have one! The fence should be painted in a bright color and made of mesh with a maximum pitch of no more than 7-8 cm.

Layout, skis and handling

The seat is located immediately in front of the engine, and underneath is the trunk. There is additional storage space near the running boards. The engine is controlled using the gas pedal and clutch. You can take them from an old car and connect them to the engine using cables.

There are two additional handles on the front. They are connected using cables to the front pair of skis, which can turn left and right on a vertical thrust pad, and also synchronously with the steering flags, which are located in pairs at the rear left and right of the propeller. The left handle controls the left side, the right handle controls the right. They can be used independently, and when braking it is enough to bring the skis and flags inward by pulling both handles towards you.

The snowmobile has four skis, two front and two rear. The front two skis are short, made of alloy steel. The back two are longer, made of plastic. The rear skis take part in steering the snowmobile. The skis are mounted on special triangular supports, have a swinging stroke and are sprung in the front part.

Painting and lighting fixtures

The snowmobile must be painted in a bright color that will be visible from a distance in the snow. It can be red, brown, blue, purple or another similar color. It is also necessary to paint the propeller guard brightly, preferably in a color that is different from the main body of the snowmobile. Typically the color used for painting is orange.

Of the lighting devices, it is imperative to install side lights, as well as lights on the propeller - green to the left of it in the direction of travel, and red to the right. Headlights must have sufficient power. The fact is that daylight hours are short in winter, and it is usually not possible to move only in daylight.

To reduce weight, the headlights and lights are powered by a battery, which is charged separately from the snowmobile before the ride, without the need for a generator system.

Usually the battery lasts for 3-4 hours of travel, which is enough to get home in the dark. If you want to protect yourself so that the headlights stay on all night if you get lost, we can recommend installing lighting coils from an old motorcycle.

General manufacturing principle

The more carefully the drawings are prepared, the easier it will be to implement the plans. In addition to dimensions and other technical parameters, comfort criteria and necessary additions are approved. The assembly is checked step by step to clarify technological operations. The resulting data is used to compile a shopping list. If it is difficult to make an engineering calculation, turn to specialists or use published ready-made solutions.

Sea trials are performed without final painting. At the final stage, lighting equipment and rear-view mirrors are installed, passenger seats and interior trim are installed.

On the engine or walk-behind tractor

To select a power unit for a wheeled all-terrain vehicle, use the formula Mdv=0.001*Md*Np, where:

• Mdv - engine power in hp. With.;
• Mud - specific energy saturation (from 20 to 35);
• Нп — payload (total mass of the vehicle, passengers, cargo).

At Np = 1200 kg, a motor of 24 liters or more is suitable. With. (0.001*1200*20) up to 42 l. With. (0.001*1200*35). It should be remembered that with more power, the unit performs its functions with less load. Frequent use of high speeds accelerates wear of parts and increases the likelihood of breakdowns. Based on the results of the above calculation, you can choose a ZAZ motor or an analogue.

They separately specify what torque (μr) a suitable transmission will provide.

An example of a simplified calculation scheme:

• Engine micron - 3.5 kgf/m;
• wheel radius (Rk) - 0.75 m;
• design coefficient (K) - corresponds to the force at the point of contact with the track during direct drive - K=(1/Рк)*Мкр=(1/0.75)*3.5=4.67;
• total weight (Np) - taking into account losses in gearboxes, increases by 20% - 1200 * 1.2 = 1440 kg;
• the total gear ratio (Rr) of all transmission components will be Rn=Np/K=1440/4.67=313.

Experts recommend making an accurate calculation with a minimum speed of 1 km/h at a crankshaft speed of 1000 rpm.

How to make a chassis

Complex manufacturing offsets the benefits of an independent suspension design.

It is acceptable to use the frame of an old car (motorcycle). The new power structure is created from steel pipes. The sealed lower part of the body, welded from sheet metal, can be used as a load-bearing element of the load-bearing frame.

Body construction

At the initial stage, the necessary characteristics of the sled are determined. The parameters of the aeroprop and engine are set, a strength calculation of the supporting structure of the body and components is carried out, and the type of steering and braking system are assigned. Upon completion of the calculations, a package of design documentation is created, after which they begin to assemble the snowmobile with their own hands according to the drawings.

A welded frame or frame is used as the supporting structure of the body. In general, the frame will have to be cooked in any case. Simply, in a frame structure, it will serve as the basis for covering the cabin, and in the absence of a frame, the main load will be borne by the frame. The frame can be solid or broken.

The broken frame consists of two semi-frames, hinged. The front half houses the cockpit with controls and rotates in conjunction with the rotation of the steering wheel, to which it is connected via a worm gear. The rear carries the power unit. Both the solid frame and the supporting body are based on spars - longitudinal rods at the bottom of the structure.

All-terrain vehicles with sleeper

To exclude independent production of a complex case, a factory product is used. The brutality of the VAZ 2109 on caterpillar tracks is complemented by its excellent cross-country ability and interior comfort. The standard transformation of the front seat backs allows you to create 2 full berths. There will be plenty of cargo space left in the trunk.

Drawings and diagrams

Materials for assembling large all-terrain vehicles have been published on the Internet:

• "Mishutka";
• "Falcon";
• "Pelec"

The Petrovich model is mass-produced. But the manufacturer does not hide the layout of the components. Studying factory design documentation will simplify the creation of a set of homemade drawings.

Making at home

It is necessary to clarify what additional preparations are needed. In addition to formulating criteria, making drawings and creating a list of parts, you will need an appropriate room. Weather conditions will not allow performing work operations outdoors without interruption.

In addition to purchasing a welding machine, you will have to master the creation of high-quality seams. Individual operations can be entrusted to experienced specialists.

How to attach tracks

The simplest option is tires with cut beads. Solid products are characterized by high strength and minimal cost. However, for reliable fastening it is better to use a structure made of a conveyor belt or a composite caterpillar made of tracks. Fixation of the working position is ensured by special limiters - fangs.

General rules of constructions

Self-made snowmobiles are often completely different. But they are all united by the desire to give the snowmobile the following properties:

• do not fall into the snow;
• move in the right direction and at the right speed.

In order for a snowmobile to satisfy these conditions, its design must contain several mandatory elements:

• supports (wheels, tracks, runners);
• engine;
• steering wheel that changes the direction of the snowmobile;
• frame.

Simple children's snowmobiles

If you want to make a snowmobile for a child, then you should not use a powerful engine. Homemade products must be created in accordance with the age, weight and height of the child.

It’s worth starting with the support - installing the skis under the frame. To make the process easier, you can use a snow scooter. Then you should install a motor with low power (about 2 horsepower). It can be removed from a chainsaw.

Ice motor sleigh

Movement in winter, especially on ice, is very difficult. Therefore, many fishermen who do not have the budget to purchase expensive equipment are thinking about making ice snowmobiles themselves.

Next, attach a chainsaw motor with a power of 4-5 horsepower (you can use a “Friendship” chainsaw). This design is well suited for icy surfaces, but is not suitable for moving on snow (especially loose snow).

Inflatable wheels

You can also make a snowmobile on inflatable wheels. To do this, take rims from a motorcycle or bicycle and wide inflatable chambers from the wheels of a truck or tractor. Chains or crossbars are attached around their circumference to increase traction. To give the cameras strength, liquid rubber should be applied to their surface or some kind of waterproof material should be glued. For such snowmobiles, you can take frames with engines from motorcycles (Ural or Dnepr).

On caterpillar tracks

Homemade snowmobiles on tracks have high speed and reliability, which is why they are popular.

Tracks can be made in several ways, for example, from truck tires or from conveyor belts.

Plastic tubes less than an inch in diameter, cut lengthwise, are screwed across the tape. Conveyor belt tracks can be reinforced with a chain.

Upgrading homemade snowmobiles

After using a homemade snowmobile for the first time, people notice some shortcomings that they want to correct.

To begin with, it is worth making it possible to use a snowmobile not only in the daytime, but also in the dark. You will need a lamp and a generator (you can take a bicycle one).

To prevent the wind from sweeping snow into your eyes, you can install ready-made windshields on your homemade vehicle or come up with something of your own.

To St. Petersburg and back

Let us remind you that last spring, a real sensation in social networks was caused by a video in which a 19-year-old young man rushes forward along the road with the trunk of a VAZ-2106 (“Six” by Sergei Artyushenko - “RG-Nedelya” from 03/06/2019). This converted machine stunned not only hundreds of thousands of Internet users, but even the famous inventor Elon Musk.

This time Artyushenko used a Soviet sidecar, which he bought almost a year ago. The car, rusty from time to time, naturally had to be completely redone.

— The body was rotten, the hood was completely changed. Friends helped with tuning, installed a cool sound in the “disabled car,” he says.

And on August 22, the legend of the domestic automotive industry went to St. Petersburg. True, 500 kilometers from the city the trip almost fell through.

Which chainsaw should you choose?

To create a snowmobile, you can use various chainsaws. The most suitable options would be the Druzhba, Ural and Shtil models. And which unit to choose - it all depends on your desire.

Friendship

The main positive side of using the Druzhba chainsaw as a starting material for making a snowmobile with your own hands is its simplicity of design. Here is an elementary assembly, where each part plays its role. No extras, just the essentials.

Technical certificate:

• power – 1 kW;
• weight - up to 12 kg;
• engine (two-stroke);
• tire length – 45 cm;
• fuel (gasoline).

The specialized professional chainsaw "Ural" was created specifically for felling tree trunks. This is a very convenient mechanism in operation, characterized by great power. This unit is an environmentally friendly device that can be used even in harsh winter conditions.

How to catch more fish?

Technical certificate:

• engine (gasoline, two-stroke, single-cylinder);
• power – 3.68 kW;
• weight – 11.7 kg;
• parameters – 46 x 88 x 46 cm.

Calm

The Shtil chainsaw is also suitable as the main mechanism for creating a snowmobile. It is made of environmentally friendly material, harmless to humans, has good power and operates silently. Therefore, your trip will be very comfortable.

Components of the structure

A homemade snow sled requires the presence of a steel plate, brackets, and squares in the area of ​​mounting the rotary stand in front of the ski. Skis must be made of wood. The front area of ​​the body is covered with an element that will serve as a hood. There are steel brackets on its sides. A bicycle headlight will be mounted on the top of the hood. The driver's seat can be made from plywood; you need to take a sheet whose thickness is 8 mm. The front part of this element will rest on two springs borrowed from a bicycle saddle. The cross bars on which the motor is mounted have different lengths. The rear bar will be long, it is attached with tubular struts and acts as a guard for the propeller. At its ends you need to attach plates curved along the radius of the propeller. The latter will need to be painted red during the work process. The rear skis have hog clips. They can be made from strip steel, from which a blank with a size of 5x30 mm is pre-cut.

A homemade snow sled will contain, as already mentioned, hog brackets, with the help of which the skis are mounted on M10 bolts to the corners. The latter are mated with the bars of the transverse beam.

Recommendations for making snowmobiles

Homemade snow sleds can have all sorts of designs. The system can be single-seat, then you have to use three skis. During manufacturing, a body beam will be used, as well as a transverse beam intended for mounting the rear skis. Among other things, you will need to use a sub-frame. The set of bars used in the work must have a cross-section equal to 35×40 mm. The elements will be fixed using M6 bolts. In the place of the connecting points, it will be necessary to install steel angles, as well as washers of significant diameter; they will act as a retainer that will prevent deformation of the wood.

Specifications

A homemade snowmobile is better than a snowmobile; You can make a motor sleigh for fishing with your own hands by installing a motor with a power of 15 hp or more on the structure. It's so easy to achieve the following:

1. In 1 minute the engine makes 4700 revolutions.
2. The diameter of the screw is 1300 mm, it spins up to 2300 revolutions. Maximum force - 62 kg.
3. The fuel tank holds from 40 to 50 liters of gasoline.
4. Without the driver, the weight of the structure is 90.7 kg. With load - 183 kg.

The choice of engine depends on the weight of the snowmobile, its size and load capacity. The motor must be of such power that the propeller makes the required number of revolutions. This value is selected by the designer. It is necessary to strive to ensure that the design is lightweight, then you can install an engine of small size and power. The equipment must have an air cooling system.

You can install a motor from a Jupiter motorcycle on a sled; an engine removed from a Zhiguli would be a good option. You can use K-62I. This is a carburetor that has 2 cylinders. Ignition is carried out from the battery, and the fuel tank is designed for 30 liters of gasoline.

You can install D-30 or D-15 on light snowmobiles. The first develops a tractive force of 40 kgf, and the second - 60 kgf. D-15 has a gear reducer. On both engines, the tank is designed to hold 15 liters of fuel.

Load capacity

Load capacity refers to the ability of a vehicle to move cargo and passengers. This is the total weight of the vehicle including ammunition and people. Homemade units are designed to transport from 1 to 5 people. With a load, the weight of the snowmobile reaches 300 kg.

Range and speed of movement

If you install a 15 hp engine on a snowmobile, on hard snow they will reach a speed of 70 to 80 km/h, with an average speed of 40–50 km/h. The speed on compacted snow increases. Transport travels fastest on ice crust; the maximum speed on snowy terrain can be 110 km/h. But at high speed, the stability of the equipment decreases, and there is a possibility that it will tip over. Therefore, it is not recommended to reach speeds above 50−70 km/h.

Most often, tanks with a capacity of 40 liters are installed on homemade vehicles. The filled fuel is enough for 300 km.

Fuel reserve

Since snowmobiles travel in areas where there are no gas stations, it is necessary to take care of the fuel supply. It is poured into a canister; it is best to use containers with a volume of 20 liters. This supply will be enough to get out of the snowy wilderness.

Brake design

The brake system of homemade equipment cannot be called classic. Scrapers are made at the ends of the rear skis, and cables are pulled from the brake pedal, which, if necessary, activate them. When the driver presses the pedal, the scrapers move down. Because of this, the progress of the sleigh slows down.

Features of ski manufacturing

Before you make a homemade snowmobile, you need to study the design of skis. It should be box-shaped. Using galvanized iron intended for roofing work, you need to make a running sole. It is necessary to choose iron whose thickness is 1.2 mm. Two undercuts should be mounted on the sole, which must be made from a metal corner; it must have dimensions equal to 8 × 20 mm. The frame of the ski must be paired with screws that have countersunk heads. A toothed steel scraper, which must be mounted on a steel wooden lever, mates with the brake pedal. If you press it, the lever will be lowered, and the toothed scraper will provide braking to the structure, while it will cut into the snow. The brake will be returned to its natural position by a spring.

How to make it yourself

You can make a snowmobile with your own hands: the bodies of homemade snowmobiles are created taking into account the laws of aerodynamics, so all elements of the equipment should be made in strict accordance with the plan. The quality of the assembly directly determines the operation of all components and the service life of homemade equipment.

Drawing of a typical snowmobile:

Frame

The assembly of the snowmobile begins with the body; it consists of a durable frame, which is covered with casing. It is given an aerodynamic shape, tapering towards the front. The case has 2 compartments: front and rear, into which the motor is installed.

The necessary rigidity of the structure is provided by 2 spars and power stringers. Frames are installed, there should be 4 of them. They are placed at equal intervals. Plywood is used to make them; it is best to purchase material 10 mm thick. Wide frames are reinforced with transverse beams.

The frame is glued; this can be done by applying casein glue. Gauze is applied to the joints, then it is impregnated with glue. Another option is also possible, when the gauze is first cut, the bandage is soaked in glue, and then a strip is wrapped around the joints of the elements.

To cover the body, you should purchase sheets of plywood; they are covered with a duralumin coating on top. The driver's seat is made of plywood, but you can install a factory one made of plastic.

Space for cargo is allocated in the rear of the structure, located behind the seat. In this compartment you can store spare parts and tools; a can of gasoline, fishing gear and passengers’ belongings can also fit here. There are different options for assembling snowmobile transport; design drawings must be studied before starting work.

Propeller system

The propeller system consists of several elements. The most common option is to install a motor removed from the IZH-56 on a snowmobile. The propeller shaft is mounted on a bearing; it is mounted on the frame. A wooden plate is required to mount the motor.

To regulate the V-belt transmission to the screw, a plate made of plywood or textolite is required. A fan is installed to cool the engine. It is fixed to the crankcase using a bracket for this purpose.

Suspension

Skis for snowmobiles are made of plywood 10 mm thick, and the bottom is sheathed with stainless steel. The skis are bent, for this purpose the plywood is placed in boiling water. The bend is made using a slipway.

When assembling, it is necessary to correctly select the thickness of the rear skis; different drawings are provided. A thick beam is used for reinforcement; the skis are attached to the body with M6 screws. In order for the snowmobile to be stable when turning, undercuts are made. They are constructed from pipes flattened at the ends.

How to equip it correctly?

The speedometer, ignition switch, fuel gauge and all main instruments are installed on the front panel. The control levers, brake pedals and engine start pedals should also be located here. If you are planning trips to unfamiliar places, far from populated areas, it is worth installing a GPS navigator on your snowmobile. A rear-view mirror is placed on the left; the air and throttle valve levers should be located in the cabin.

Snowmobile with chainsaw engine

The chainsaw motor has low power, which does not exceed 4 hp. This is not enough to travel long distances. The minimum engine power must be at least 12 hp.

If a body of water is nearby, then a low-power motor is sufficient. The chainsaw motor, despite this, will move the lightweight structure. Such snowmobiles can be used to transport fishing gear.

Alternative options

A car body can be used as a body for a snowmobile.

Here, for example, is a snowmobile made from a “loaf”.

Case manufacturing

Homemade snowmobiles with a low-power engine are made in this case from bars. Before starting work, it is necessary to prepare spruce boards, which should have a thickness of 16 mm. Skis must be mounted symmetrically in relation to two transverse boards. The front skis will be controllable. They will include brackets. Fastening must be done with an M10 bolt, which will act as an axis. The center responsible for control will be combined with the plug. The method of pairing the control levers of the left and right skis, as well as the control cable, will be rigid. The cable must be directed through the rollers, from there it will go to the steering column drum, where it is secured with an M6 bolt. The crossbar has tips at both ends designed to adjust the parallelism of the ski. The rotating bracket in the area of ​​the axis on the front board passes through the bars, which have a cross-section of 30x30 mm. The skis located at the rear are attached using angles and M10 bolts.

How to make a snowmobile with your own hands: detailed instructions

Features of homemade snowmobiles

Self-propelled guns made by yourself have a number of features:

Riding a snowmobile can be quite dangerous and this must be taken into account, so although most snowmobiles cannot go faster than 15 km/h, extreme care and caution must be taken when assembling a snowmobile. When riding a snowmobile, the user will not get stuck in a snowdrift, since the device is equipped with a crawler walk-behind tractor. The snowmobile is reliable and can easily overcome many obstacles. When making a snowmobile with your own hands, the creator carefully selects the parts and assembles them into a single system, so the designer is responsible for the quality of his device. The cost of snowmobiles is quite high, but its individual elements cost little; By assembling a snowmobile yourself, the designer also saves on labor, so a homemade snowmobile costs several times less than a purchased one.

Preparation

First you need to make a drawing of the device. If you do not have such skills, then simply calculate the parameters of the machine. The design of a snowmobile is quite simple, so you can easily make a device based on a sample or video.

To make a snowmobile, you will need:

• pipe with a diameter of 40 mm. and a wall thickness of 2 mm. – needed for the frame and other frame elements;
• conveyor belt 3 mm thick. (you can use V-belts) - this is the main element of the track mechanism; lugs with a diameter of 40 mm are made from them. with a wall thickness of 5 mm;
• engine, fuel tank and carburetor from a motorcycle (for a snowmobile);
• sprockets and chain from motorcycles and snowmobiles;
• any drive shaft of suitable size;
• skis from another snowmobile;
• steering wheel with throttle and cable (from a motorcycle);
• the platform is optional because you can mount all the parts directly to the frame (most people skip this part because it's a little tricky and has little payoff); Several seats can be attached to the platform;
• seat;
• body;
• small elements (nuts, bolts, hinges, etc.).

Materials and manufacturing

When making a snowmobile on tracks with your own hands, you can follow this algorithm:

1. Calculation of frame and chassis.
2. Engine selection.
3. Initial frame welding.
4. Steering.
5. Installing the engine on a temporary mount.
6. Checking the design.
7. If the test is successful, complete welding of the frame and installation of the engine.
8. Drive system.
9. Caterpillars.
10. Attaching body parts.
11. Final check.

You need to start work by making a frame on which the remaining elements will be attached. The frame should not be massive, otherwise the device will turn out to be heavy and lose maneuverability. It is desirable that its length be ±2 m.

Then the following are attached to the frame:

• drive shaft and receiving star;
• power plant with a transmission star and gas tank;
• front and rear wheel axles;
• front suspension with steering wheel and skis;
• seat and body.

Then tracks 40-50 cm wide are made. They can be made from conveyor belts or V-belts.

Information on how to make lugs from plastic pipes is provided above.

The rear wheel axle is secured using a movable guide element. It allows you to fix the position of the axis in a certain position. This is done so that the user can adjust the tension of the tracks.

Propeller installation

Do-it-yourself snow sleds, the drawings of which must be prepared in advance, are based on the RMZ-640 propeller-driven installation, which has a V-belt gearbox. A number of motorized hang gliders, as well as airplanes, are equipped with similar engines. It is worth noting that the propeller-engine installation of the described design is almost no different from that built into the popular two-seater trike. With a propeller with a diameter of 1350 mm, the unit is capable of developing a static thrust of 120 kg, which will be quite sufficient for the design described.

Before you make a snowmobile with your own hands, you need to take into account that the propeller-motor installation on the panel frame must be fixed using six braces. They must be made from metal pipes Ø30×1.5 mm.

In order to reduce aerodynamic drag, wooden fairings must be glued to the pipes using epoxy resin, which will give the braces a drop-shaped cross-section.

Safety precautions during operation

When operating a homemade vehicle, the propeller poses a potential danger to passengers. To prevent accidents, the propeller is hidden in a casing. This element protects not only passengers, but also the propeller itself from foreign objects getting into it.

When assembling a snowmobile, you should monitor the quality of work. The main load falls on the skis, so the quality of the bolted connection must be high. Fastenings need to be checked and maintenance carried out on time.

The propeller is regularly inspected; it is important to notice any defects that have arisen in a timely manner.

Trouble-free operation of the equipment is possible if the snowmobile engine is working normally, there is fuel, and the oil is poured to the required level.

When assembling equipment, they are guided by the dimensions presented in the drawings. The cabins must have a canopy; the snowmobile then becomes more convenient to use. There is no need to make changes to the design, this may cause problems.

Snowmobile sleds - types of structures and the principle of their operation

There are several main types of snowmobile sleds, and each has advantages and disadvantages. The sled is very versatile in its design. They easily attach to all types of snowmobiles. For example, for a Yamaha snowmobile, Russian Mechanics, Ermak, Viking 540, Dingo 150, BRP and Varyag 550.

Snowmobile sled

In order to choose the type that suits you, you need to consider several factors:

• the routes and trails you need to navigate, features of snow cover and terrain;
• type of cargo transported;
• driving style.

For more information about snowmobile sleds, watch the video:

Volokushi - description and dimensions of plastic snowmobile sleds

Sleigh drags are the easiest option.

Volokushi

They have several advantages:

• compactness and low weight;
• simplicity and speed of loading and unloading luggage;
• The drag body body does not freeze.

However, drags have a serious drawback - due to the design features, their front part is often damaged. This type of sled is inexpensive, and making it yourself is impractical.

Passenger

Passenger sleds are rarely seen. They usually consist of a housing made of plastic or plywood mounted on skids.

Passenger

They are not easy to find on sale, but such designs are sometimes made by winter fishermen and other outdoor recreation enthusiasts during the cold season.

The main disadvantages are the large dimensions and weight of the structure. Because of this, passenger sleds can only be attached to powerful, high-powered snowmobiles.

Homemade tractors with a VAZ engine

The Zaporozhets car has long been considered a rarity. The body metal used in its production is criticized by all car owners. However, they also admit that the “filling” of the car is in fact of higher quality, so much so that it can be used in many developments. One of the most popular conversion options is to create a tractor from Zaporozhets.

General view of the design and rationality of development

When designing and assembling a tractor with your own hands from Zaporozhets, you should take all the main mechanisms from this car. The exception is the gearbox, which is not designed for high traction force. Because of this, parts quickly wear out and break down. Instead, you can install any other one with higher power characteristics. To connect the gearbox directly to the engine, a cardan drive must be provided. If it is preferable to install an original gearbox, you need to supplement it and the engine with a cooling system.

An engine taken from the original vehicle will provide an additional reserve of traction force compared to specialized analogues. In addition, for the most part they are much more reliable and durable. With the right approach, a homemade tractor from Zaporozhets can be used for all types of work related to soil. High traction and power indicators will complement the functional list with the ability to transport various cargo.

WHAT IS THE TRACTOR MADE FROM? . | Topic author: Joys

+TWO BRIDGES FROM MOSKVICH (preferably ONE MODEL TK DIFFERENT MODELS HAVE A DIFFERENT NUMBER OF TEETH ON THE GEARS) +ENGINE IS OPPOSITED FROM THE DNIPPER OR URAL OR FROM PLANET ITD! +ONE BOX FROM MT AND THE SECOND FROM MOSKVICH (SHORTENED) +SPROCKETS FROM AGR EQUIPMENT AND THE CHAIN ​​TO THEM (GEAR RATIO 1:3 OR 1:4) +CHANNEL 8 OR 10 5.5 METERS +PARDAN FROM MOSKVICH +HUB FROM UAZ + SHEET IRON + STEERING COLUMN (ZAZ, MOSKVICH) + CROSSBOW ONAJE GUK (FROM STEERING MTZ OR OTHER CX EQUIPMENT) + CORDAN FROM ZIL OR URAL (FOR STEERING FRAME) - STEERING KNAST FROM UAZ (FOR THOSE WHO DECIDED TO MAKE IT EASIER FOR THEMSELVES WORK, REPLACING IT ROTARY MECHANISM!) + GOOD TURNER! (THE WILL NEED TO BE SHARPENED - HALF AXLES, SHAFT IN THE MOSKVICHEVSKAYA BOX, COVERS FOR SEALS ON THE MOSKVICHEVSKAYA BOX, SHAFT CONNECTING THE SPROCKET AND THE HOOK AND SOMETHING ELSE.) Joys (Lilian) I WILL ADD THEN!

Joys (Lilian) I LIKELY FINISHED IT! I’LL STILL THINK ABOUT WHAT AND HOW!

Kirill (Jayan) why hydraulics should be aged to the dump

Joys (Lilian) AND THERE IS A LEVER!

Misha (Grahish) Hi, I want to make such a tractor for myself, if you have one, can you send me the drawings or photos.

Joys (Lilian) Have a look at sites like lunar rovers and others.

Joys (Lilian) Download the model designer manual and there are drawings there.

Yuriy (Ermelinda) If I make a motor and a box with MT and a friend has a Muscovite box, you won’t tear the MT box.?

Evgeny (Bernward) And if, according to this principle, we install an engine from OKI, approximately what will the speed be?

Joys (Lilian) The MT transmission will not tear as it is unloaded with reduction gear ratios.

There is no such load.

Joys (Lilian) https://minitractor.0pk.ru/viewtopic.php? There are already such tractors, you can ask the owner directly!

Evgeny (Bernward) One more question. What is the best way to create a PTO? I have a hydraulic motor from a hiller, the NSh10 pump will handle it, or should I install 32 or somehow make a mechanical drive.

Sergey (Vela) Evgeniy, The speed will be from 5 km/h to 40 km/h. MTs with the Oka engine have been working for a long time, only there is no Moskvich gearbox, but there is a transfer case from the Niva, there are no chains either.

Igor (Franco) I want to install a Zaporozhets engine on the GAZ-53 bridge. If it’s straight from the Zaporozhets box to the bridge, will it be any good?

Igor (Franco) Yura, you won’t tear anything, just put Ganovskaya if you want

Igor (Franco) this is probably how it will be.

Viktor (Kudyauku) Igor, Won’t the speed be very high?? If it is a tractor, it will be difficult to catch up with it.. :-))

Igor (Franco) is not normal. I went to look at such a tractor. The gearbox is tight to the bridge and through the belt to the engine from the Zaporozhets. The man pulls a two-ton barrel of water with ease. There’s nothing complicated damn it. But I can’t find the gearbox. I want the gearbox take it from Zil together with the NSh pump.