Agricultural machinery in a household plot is an indispensable assistant. But not every village resident has the means to purchase it. But you can make equipment with your own hands - assemble a tractor from an UAZ. This homemade design has good characteristics and positive user reviews.
Homemade design and device
The Ulyanovsk-made car has a suitable design for making a mini-tractor. The main feature is the durable steel frame. If parts break, you can easily buy them at the nearest automobile store. The main design elements of homemade special equipment based on UAZ are:
- frame;
- steering;
- chassis;
- transmission;
- bridges;
- engine;
- wheels.
When assembling, it is desirable that all units are borrowed from cars of the same brand.
Models based on UAZ
Vehicles of the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant are considered classics of the domestic automobile industry. The production concept is based on simplicity, reliability and high maneuverability in hard-to-reach places. The UAZ 469 SUV model was often used for military purposes. Therefore, they began to create variants of an all-terrain vehicle based on the UAZ, which are capable of overcoming snow drifts, permafrost, mud, swamps and thawed tundra soil.
Popular
Among the popular models of all-terrain vehicles, there are a number of home-made vehicles that are not put into mass production.
Trekol
was one of the first to produce swamp vehicles based on UAZ vehicles. Cargo and passenger models are manufactured on low-pressure wheels, which ensures high safety and maneuverability of the vehicle. It is possible to manufacture special-purpose vehicles - ambulances, fire engines, etc.
Scorpion
Scorpio is an enlarged version of the UAZ 469. It seats up to 10 people and reaches a speed of up to 150 km/h. It is considered a military model, which was created to transport military personnel to hard-to-reach remote regions. Climatic operating conditions are in the range -45…+50°C.
Huntsman
The swamp vehicle was developed by a Vologda plant specifically for foresters, hunters and biologists. The vehicle is able to overcome off-road areas, rivers, swamps and other difficult places. The Jaeger received its axles, body and seats from UAZ.
Umka
The Umka amphibious all-terrain vehicle was developed at the Scientific Automotive and Tractor Institute in the 1990s. The car is based on a 2.9 liter UMZ-4218 carburetor engine, a 4-speed gearbox and a transmission circuit in which the front axle is disabled. The model passed all tests, but was not put into mass production.
Triton
A snow and swamp-going vehicle on low-pressure wheels can move over any type of rough terrain, swamps and ponds, and also overcome drifts up to 60 cm deep. Load capacity up to 200 kg.
Bronto 1922 March
The car is made on the basis of UAZ, the base is Niva. High cross-country ability of vehicles in various climatic conditions is due to all-wheel drive and low-pressure tires.
SKB
The SKB-600 snow and swamp-going vehicle is manufactured on the basis of the UAZ Patriot. The company is famous for its axles, which are developed using custom technology and allow transmissions with wheels up to 175 cm in diameter to move without harm.
Uraankhai
The Uraankhai all-terrain vehicle is a homemade vehicle of car enthusiast Alexander Smurygin. It is based on an extended body and frame from the UAZ-3151, and a 2.7-liter gasoline engine from Nissan.
UUUAZ
This sample is most similar to the original UAZ, but it has become longer and wider, and also received larger wheels.
TERRANICA
The tracked all-terrain vehicle is equipped with a 2-liter turbodiesel engine and a 4-speed automatic transmission. Additionally, autonomous heating is installed, which ensures passenger comfort at -50°C.
Ermak
It is considered the largest and most expensive Russian all-terrain vehicle. Due to the large wheels, the height of the vehicle is almost 3 m. The design is based on a standard frame from UAZ and axles from GAZ-66.
Ratibor
The all-wheel drive snow and swamp-going vehicle is based on the UAZ Patriot. The vehicle is highly stable, with a rollover angle of 47°. Suitable for urban and suburban traffic.
Other
There are also a number of models of snow and swamp-going vehicles, which are made from various models of vehicles from the Ulyanovsk plant.
Yamal
The car is available in 2 versions - with 4 and 6 wheels. Initially, the vehicle was intended to conquer the North, but is suitable for passing through swampy areas. In terms of technical characteristics, Yamal has surpassed its ancestor. For example, the rear suspension is made using a special technology that is protected by a patent.
Unkor
Unkor all-terrain vehicles are manufactured on the basis of the UAZ “loaf” for transporting passengers and cargo on off-road terrain, virgin snow, swamps and rivers.
Vector
The all-terrain vehicle was created by the same name, which was based on the UAZ Hunter.
Also based on the “loaf”, the “Vector 452” was developed, which is equipped with a more spacious body and can be used for transporting passengers and cargo.
Leopard
This all-terrain vehicle is a military development of an automobile repair plant in Kazakhstan. Designed for crossing impassable areas with sandy soil and mud.
Murashka
The six-wheeled vehicle "Murashka" is produced by Lipetsk. The transport has a roomy body, which is equipped with sleeping places. Designed for expeditions to the Far North and other hard-to-reach regions of Russia.
Preparing for work
Before assembly, you need to prepare a set of plumbing tools and all the necessary units. If the equipment will not be used in difficult conditions, then it is enough to install small wheels - 13 inches. Wheels with a larger diameter are often installed in the rear and smaller ones on the front axle.
For assembly you need to prepare the following components:
- Transmission driven by UAZ.
- Clutch mechanism assembled with basket, disc and release bearing.
- Extension cord for connecting the gearbox.
- Engine flywheel.
- The channel is the right size.
- From the pipes you need to weld spars, cross members and a support for attaching the power unit.
- 4 supports for mounting a homemade cabin.
You will also need forged steel sheets to make a plate and a car mounting bracket.
Crawler UAZ: review
So what is a UAZ tank, what advantages does it have, what are its features and disadvantages? Studying numerous reviews from happy owners of such a giant and its technical characteristics, we can say the following.
In order for the caterpillar track of the vehicle to cope with such an obstacle as a swamp, the basis of the structure is a water-insulated, durable boat, on which the upper part of the UAZ is already installed. In general, this is an explosive mixture of different vehicles and ideas: the lower part, the boat, units and parts are taken from the PAZ and the tractor, the caterpillars are from the tank. A tracked UAZ is shown in photo 1. The figure below shows a diagram of the tracked units.
However, it is worth noting that the water resistance is not 100%, since the all-terrain vehicle is not sealed. But our semi-tank will be able to drive through the swamp with dignity: when overcoming an obstacle, pumps come into play, which largely protect the car from water.
Another modification of the tracked UAZ
The average coefficient of resistivity that an all-terrain vehicle creates on the soil is 12-12.5 kPa. This is a very good indicator that explains the enormous capabilities of the car. There are several configurations to choose from: from simple to the most powerful, multifunctional.
Under the hood there are two types of engines, petrol and diesel, with a top speed of 60 km/h. Of course, when we talk about a tracked vehicle, we don't assume that its owner will want to drive it along an ideal track at breakneck speeds. For this purpose there are other cars, lightweight, dynamic ones.
Motors used
For homemade equipment, several types of power units are used.
Zied 4 5
Gasoline, 1-cylinder, 4-stroke engine, 4.5 hp, air-cooled. The power unit is installed on self-propelled agricultural machinery and various agricultural equipment. Starting is done using a cord wound around a pulley.
Several types of power plants are produced, each type is intended for different equipment.
When mounted on a mini-tractor, the Zid 4 5 engine must be attached to a rigid frame, resting with its “feet” on metal with a thickness of at least 7 mm.
When purchasing a unit, the manufacturer provides a warranty period for the engines - 2000 engine hours for a year, subject to proper storage and operation.
Lifan 6 5
The most common engine for mini-tractors is a 1-cylinder, 4-stroke Lifan gasoline engine with a power of 6.5 hp. It is used for walk-behind tractors, snow blowers, motor pumps, generators and other agricultural equipment.
The motor has a conical shaft output and a built-in reduction gearbox. Some models are equipped with an electric starter and an oil sensor, which stops the engine if there is a lack of oil.
Lifan 6 5 is made in China, but is distinguished by high-quality assembly. Upon purchase, the manufacturer provides a 2-year warranty.
Other options
Another engine option for a homemade mini-tractor is a gasoline, 2-cylinder power unit UD-25, with a volume of 0.42 liters and a power of 12 hp. The motor has been discontinued, but you can find many variants of this model on the Internet.
When making homemade equipment, engines from passenger cars are often used. The most common is from an Oka car, with a volume of 0.649 liters and a power of 29 hp. The unit is characterized by low fuel consumption and high efficiency.
Of the more expensive options, you can opt for a VAZ engine with a power of 59 hp or more.
A tractor with a Zhiguli engine can cope with any agricultural work.
A little history
Tanks, and therefore tracked vehicles, have been around for a long time. At the same time, Russian military engineers thought that it would be nice to create unique, universal tracked vehicles that would have high maneuverability and be able to cope with any strength test.
Such equipment was in demand, because the vast expanses of Russia could not please everyone with good roads; in this situation, such powerful semi-tanks would be needed. But due to bureaucratic red tape and a host of other projects, the implementation of this idea was postponed each time. Engineers submitted their applications to their superiors dozens of times, wanting to continue development, but were refused. This idea was only brought out of the archives in the early sixties.
In 1962, the first UAZ on a caterpillar mechanism was tested. The management was delighted. Strong, majestic, albeit not so fast, but stable and passing on any off-road, the UAZ fascinated with its confidence and self-sufficiency.
In addition to tracks, at the same time they began installing skis instead of wheels on UAZs. So the SUV could pass through the endless snow-covered expanses of Siberia. During the test, the car easily drove from Novosibirsk to Ulyanovsk on the worst roads in a fairly short time. The bosses praised the new development and... went about their business. The car was never put into production; the issue was still being resolved.
How to make a tractor
When making homemade special equipment, it is necessary to strictly follow the assembly algorithm.
Drawings of homemade models
First of all, you need to carefully examine the drawing with drawings. They will be good helpers during the assembly process. Then you should draw up a plan for the upcoming work and choose a suitable location. Assembly does not take place in 1 day, so it is better to start work immediately in the garage or under a shed.
General progress of work
Assembling a mini tractor includes several stages:
- It is necessary to weld a frame from pipes or channel. To strengthen the structure, the seams need to be welded with scraps of metal corners.
- A steel sheet structure is welded into the front part of the frame - this will be a niche for the power unit. The UAZ engine is mounted in the niche with bolts; additional brackets are used for reliability.
- A seat is installed in the center of the structure.
- Then the brake system from a UAZ SUV is mounted on the frame.
- A linkage mechanism is attached to the rear of the tractor. It is better to purchase a ready-made hitch, because... Manufacturing will require complex turning work.
- If desired, special equipment can be equipped with a cabin. It is necessary to weld the frame and glaze it, you can stretch the awning.
After all this, the steering is installed. To simplify the design, the mechanism is mounted on the right side of the frame.
Shortening the rear and front axles
All chassis and transmission parts are installed from the UAZ vehicle.
The rear gearbox will have to be changed a little: on the long axle shaft it is necessary to cut off the flange and drill a hole in the middle. The resulting trim needs to be processed and inserted into the hole made, scald on the outside and trim off the excess. UAZ axles are attached to the V-shaped structure of a homemade frame.
Final touches
After assembling the structure, it is necessary to fill the engine with fuel, oil, coolant and begin testing the equipment. First of all, in order not to overload the power unit, you need to use small cutters and a plow. After checking the mini-tractor on light equipment, you can begin more complex types of work.
What you will need to consider when remodeling a car
If you decide to convert your UAZ into an all-terrain vehicle by installing wheels with low-pressure tires, you will have to take into account some factors:
be prepared for the fact that you will have to make a number of serious changes to the transmission, axles and body parts of your car
This is especially important when it comes to converting cars such as the “loaf”. UAZ "Patriot" on low-pressure tires will require much fewer design changes than a "loaf"
This is explained by the fact that at the time when the old models were produced, modern technologies and materials had not yet been used;
Choosing tires for UAZ
When choosing rubber, it is very important to take into account the temperatures in which they are planned to be used. For summer and winter use of the vehicle you will need at least two sets of tires;
- Low-pressure tires do not have a clear division into summer and winter options. For winter, types are used that do not become hard at subzero temperatures. This can negatively affect the vehicle's maneuverability;
- When choosing a tread pattern, remember that “deeper” does not always mean “better.” Increasing the depth of the pattern increases the load on the transmission - take into account the soil on which you plan to move and choose the optimal option for the depth of the pattern.
Pros and cons of such a tractor
The advantages of homemade equipment include:
- good cross-country ability and endurance thanks to all-wheel drive from the UAZ;
- a wide selection of suitable attachments;
- the dimensions of a homemade tractor, allowing you to cultivate the soil in small areas;
- the ability to repair equipment with your own hands at minimal cost;
- low fuel consumption;
- the possibility of replacing the power unit with a more powerful one.
The disadvantages of homemade products include a long, complex and painstaking assembly process that not everyone can complete. If a self-made part breaks down, it will be difficult to find a suitable one.
To drive a tractor on the road, a special permit is required, which must be obtained from the nearest traffic police department. Otherwise, a fine will be imposed.
Technical characteristics of UAZ on caterpillar tracks
There are various configurations on sale, from the simplest to the powerful and multifunctional.
The tracked UAZ has two engine options:
- Petrol
- Diesel
Both reach speeds of up to 60 km/h. The speed is not very high, but the owner of a tracked vehicle is not expected to drive at high speed on a flat track. For such purposes, there are lighter and more dynamic machines.
The main task of this all-terrain vehicle is to travel where other vehicles would be incapacitated. The car moves on water at a speed of no more than five kilometers per hour. Although slowly, but confidently and calmly.
Pros of caterpillars
- No need to change winter and summer tires.
- Excellent traction, which improves driving on ice and loose snow.
- Turning the car around “on the spot”.
- In case of a minor accident, all the damage will go to the caterpillar.
- Great cross-country ability on dirt roads.
Minuses
Undoubtedly, there are also disadvantages to using tracks. Among which:
- The most important disadvantage is the use of the car on asphalt. You will have to comply with the speed limit - no more than forty kilometers per hour. At higher speeds, the tracks will quickly become unusable.
- The cross-country ability of the tracks is quite poor in some situations. For example, a fallen tree 15 centimeters wide will simply move over ordinary wheels, but caterpillar tracks will not!
- Very high price. Equipping a car with caterpillar tracks is a very expensive pleasure. Their cost in domestic stores starts from 100 thousand and reaches 250 thousand rubles. It varies depending on the type of car you have.
- High fuel consumption.
- Uncomfortable interior environment (high noise level, shaking)
Examples of assembled homemade products
On the Internet you can find many examples of how to make a homemade tractor with your own hands, for example:
- A universal mini-tractor - capable of mowing grass, clearing snow and cultivating fields up to 7 hectares.
- Mini-tractor - used on small agricultural plots, can cultivate no more than 1-2 hectares of land.
- “Rider” is a mini-helper, designed for transporting fertilizers, spraying plants with pesticides and for removing garbage from a personal plot.
You can also make attachments for any type of equipment with your own hands.
