Hydroram - self-acting, energy-independent water pump

Design and principle of operation

So, the water rises due to the water hammer occurring in the pump.
This is a phenomenon when a liquid flowing at high speed suddenly stops, encountering an obstacle, and the pressure in the pipe instantly increases. If you look at the hydraulic ram diagram, you can see the discharge pipe located at an angle. Liquid moves along it by gravity from a natural source. The water meets the baffle valve on its way. It closes when the dynamic pressure of the liquid reaches a certain value. The pressure here is short-lived, but increases greatly.

This leads to the rise of water and its passage through another hydraulic ram valve - the pressure valve. The liquid enters the space of the air cap and is then transported through the outlet pipe to its destination. When water, after impact, rushes in the opposite direction from the baffle valve, it opens and the cycle repeats.

The discharge pipe is quite long. It can be 10 or 30 meters. The water level at the point of its intake, at the top, and in the area of ​​the baffle valve, at the bottom, should have a difference of half a meter. The performance of the pump depends on this indicator.

How to make a hydraulic ram yourself

A homemade hydraulic ram can be made from PVC pipes (polypropylene can be used). They are available in different diameters and have a full set of fittings - connecting and additional elements.

To assemble the pump you will need:

• two plastic pipes of small and large diameter (half an inch and 2 inches);
• two check valves (bounce and return);
• tee for connecting the receiver (air cap);

• adapters and elbows;
• pressure gauge (this is not a required element, you can do without it).

In addition, you will need a supply (pressure) and discharge pipe. The first must be connected to a source - for example, to a stream or lake. It is necessary to take into account that the hydraulic ram itself must be located below the water intake point, therefore, you need to think about its placement.

It may be necessary to make a recess or well. Many users simply place the main unit downstream of a stream or shallow river where a sufficient elevation change can be obtained.

The parts of the hydraulic ram are assembled using glue or by welding (this will require a special device). Before starting work, you will need to draw up an assembly drawing in order to better understand the essence of the upcoming actions. Trying to do without it usually leads to mistakes and the need to redo everything.

Job

Do-it-yourself wigwam: we make children's huts for games
Initial state: knock valve B is open and held in this position by a spring or weight, etc. The force of this spring exceeds the force of static

column of water in the supply pipe to
the closed
baffle valve. Check valve B is closed. The air cap is filled with air.

Water flows through supply pipe A, accelerating to a certain speed, at which break valve B, carried away by the flow of water, overcomes the force of its spring and closes, blocking the drain. The inertia of water abruptly stopped in the supply pipe creates a hydraulic shock - a sharp jump in pressure, the magnitude of which is determined by the length of the supply pipe and the flow rate. The pressure of the water hammer overcomes the pressure of the water column in the outlet pipe D, the return valve B opens and part of the water from the supply pipe A passes through it and enters the outlet pipe but, mainly, into the air cap D, since the inertia of the mass of water in the outlet pipe D prevents this fast, impulse entry. The water in the supply pipe is stopped, the pressure drops and reaches a static value, the return valve closes, and the pressure relief valve opens. The water in the supply pipe begins to move, gradually accelerating, and at this time, under the pressure of the air pressed in the air cap, the portion of water entering it is forced into the outlet pipe. Thus, the system returns to its original state and begins a new cycle of operation.

Operating principle

Why doesn't the pumping station turn on?

This mechanism operates using a supply of mechanical work contained in the water flowing through the pipe. In the original Montgolfier apparatus, built at Saint-Cloud, near Paris, water flows through a long pipe AB{\displaystyle AB} (Fig. 1) from a low pond and is free to flow out over the edge K{\displaystyle K}, while the valve V {\displaystyle V} is omitted.

Rice. 1. Montgolfier hydraulic ram

From the moment the water filling AB{\displaystyle AB} has the opportunity to flow, the work of gravity will go to increase its speed to some maximum value determined by the height h{\displaystyle h} of the water level in the pond above the hole K{\displaystyle K}, dimensions and properties (see below) of the pipe AB{\displaystyle AB}. At the same time, the hydraulic pressure of water on the lower surface of the valve V{\displaystyle V} will also increase, the weight of which is chosen so that it rises and closes the outlet as soon as the water speed in the pipe reaches its maximum value. At this moment, the hydrostatic pressure of water on the inner surface of the pipe AB{\displaystyle AB} and its extension CS{\displaystyle CS} will begin to increase, since the movement of water will slow down until the entire supply of work contained in its mass in the form of manpower is not will be spent on stretching these walls, on compressing the water itself and on internal friction. But part of these walls is made movable: in the bell-shaped appendage S{\displaystyle S} a certain amount of air is closed by water and valves W{\displaystyle W} are placed, opening into a bell R{\displaystyle R}, which also contains air above the water and is equipped with a riser pipe DE{\displaystyle DE}. Therefore, after the valve V{\displaystyle V} is closed, the living force of the water begins to compress the air in S{\displaystyle S}, until the valves W{\displaystyle W} rise; then the water will enter R{\displaystyle R}, partly compress the air in it, and partly rise through the pipe DE{\displaystyle DE} to a height H{\displaystyle H}. All the living force of the water will soon be spent on all this, the pressure in R{\displaystyle R} will outweigh the pressure in S{\displaystyle S}, the valves W{\displaystyle W} will close, V{\displaystyle V} will open, and the whole process will begin again . The increase in pressure will be greater the faster the valve V{\displaystyle V} closes and the more inflexible the walls of the vessel containing the water in motion. They carefully try to avoid such a “hydraulic shock” when installing water pipelines so that the pipes do not burst, which is why Montgolfier designed the cap S{\displaystyle S}; the elastic compliance of the air contained in it weakens the force of the blow; the air in the cap R{\displaystyle R} serves as a regulator for the pipe DE{\displaystyle DE} and maintains the movement of water in it during the period when the valves W are closed. At elevated pressure, more air dissolves in water than at atmospheric pressure, so the amount of air in S{\displaystyle S} and R{\displaystyle R} would decrease during continuous operation. To replenish this loss, a valve H{\displaystyle H} is used, opening inward: as soon as the valves W{\displaystyle W} are closed, the elasticity of the air in S{\displaystyle S} will force the water in CBA{\displaystyle CBA} to flow back; with the acquired speed it will pass its equilibrium position and produce for a very short time under S{\displaystyle S} a pressure less than atmospheric. At this moment, some air enters through H{\displaystyle H}.

There are ready-made types of rams on sale, from the English companies Dulas, the French Decker, etc. When tested at the Paris Conservatory of Arts and Crafts, rams made by Decoeur gave a useful effect of 0.6 to 0.9. Figure 2 shows the features of its device: both valves are located one above the other and are equipped with springs and screws to adjust their tension during operation, changing the number of blows from 40 for a fall of 0.3 m to 220 for a fall of 2 m; the lifting height in all experiments was 9 m 15 cm.

Rice. 2. Decker hydraulic ram

When air is admitted through the side valve, not shown in Fig. 2, the ram operates without noise, but the useful action and the highest possible lifting height are reduced. The good results of the action of the Ram are so dependent on the timely closing of the outlet ("stop") valve that for large machines Pearsall has found it advantageous to construct for this purpose a special machine driven by compressed air from under the hood. This type of ram operates completely smoothly, gives a high efficiency and can be built in large sizes. On the same principle, Persall constructs a hydraulic ram to produce a stream of compressed air.

Feeder and hydraulic valve

Working pressure in the heating system

These two elements are the main ones in the design that you plan to create yourself. The entire operation of the unit depends on their size and design.

Feeder

It is a closed channel connecting the water intake point and the water hammer point. Ideally, this is a long, level pipe located on a slope. The water in the pipe is the very piston that creates excess pressure - the cause of water hammer. Therefore, the larger the cross-section, the more powerful the ram will be. The diameter of the feeder pipe should be within reasonable limits - from 50 to 150 mm. This value must be correlated with the diameter of the remaining channels of the system and the required feed height.

We recommend installing a socket in the intake part of the feeder for better water capture.

Optimal ratios of hydraulic ram pump diameters

In the latter case, with a feeder length of 10 m and a drop of 1.5 m, water will be supplied to a height of 10 m at a speed of about 1500 l/hour.

Hydraulic valve

The factory model of this device may be expensive due to the material, gaskets and spring set to a certain pressure. In our case, when we use free energy, which simply does not make sense to save or take into account, the very fact of blocking the flow of water is enough. A self-made hydraulic valve is quite suitable for this.

Pump with homemade hydraulic valve - installation video with comments

The ideal place to install such a pump is river rapids with their significant drops or streams.

Hydraulic ram design

Conventional pumps consist of a pumping device (closed impeller, piston, membrane), an activator (internal combustion engine, electric motor, other drive), a pipeline and a valve system. The design of a hydraulic ram pump is extremely simple; its uniqueness lies in the fact that the activator and piston are the agent itself (water). Its design is notable for the fact that it has no mechanical moving parts (except for two primitive valves), and does not use fuel and lubricants and areas under constant pressure.

The base of the pump is a solid tube with three elbows, which can be assembled from ordinary fittings and pipe available at any plumbing store.

First withdrawal. A supply pipe (feeder) is connected to it; we will talk about it separately.

Second branch. A check valve, an expansion tank with soft walls and an outlet pipe are connected to it through nipples and couplings. A plastic bottle is quite suitable as an expansion tank; on factory models, full tanks are installed in a metal case with a rubber membrane.

Third branch. The main element must be installed here - a flow-through hydraulic valve. This is an element of shut-off valves that blocks the flow of water when pressure increases critically. Its operation is regulated by a spring. Such valves up to 1.5″ can be found in the store, but with a larger diameter their cost can be quite high (20 USD and more). If the task is to create a pump for real household needs for a large volume of water, it is better to make this valve yourself.

Assembling a pump with a homemade valve - step-by-step video

How to make a hydraulic hammer pump? Making a hydraulic ram

Water intake device. Nikita, Our pump is NOT designed to work on wells and wells, and of course for barrels too. Ruslan, hello! Piston 3 moves the rod 4 and the shock valve disk 5 attached to it to the left.

A cam mechanism mounted in the rod rotates disk 6 so that the holes in both disks coincide, as a result of which the resistance to the flow of river water through the hydraulic ram decreases. The movement of the rod will stop when the stop 7 presses on the rack 8 of the valve 9 control mechanism. It will open, the pressure in the cylinder will drop, and the rod will move to the right under the action of high-speed pressure. In this case, the cam mechanism will rotate disk 6 around the axis of the rod so that the holes in the disks will close and the valve resistance will increase, and the speed of water flow and movement of the valve with the rod will be equal.

The movement to the right will end with disk 5 hitting the edge 10 of the supply pipe.

Description of hydraulic ram:

A hydraulic ram (hydraulic ram) is a simple and ingenious mechanism that, without requiring an energy source and without an engine, raises water to a height of several tens of meters.

It can work continuously for months without supervision, adjustment or maintenance, supplying water to a small eco-village, ancestral settlement, community or farm.

The operation of a hydraulic ram is based on the so-called water hammer - a sharp increase in pressure in the pipeline.

How to improve installation efficiency

The performance of the device directly depends on the strength of the resulting water hammer. And it, in turn, is determined by a number of factors. In particular, what kind of pipes were used. Their walls should not be elastic. Otherwise, the volume of the pipe at the point where the water suddenly stops increases, and the force of the water hammer decreases.

If the cavity through which the liquid moves is filled with air and it does not have time to escape in time, then you should also not count on the most powerful water hammer. The trapped air acts as a shock absorber.

The pressure in it gradually increases, creating resistance to moving water, and it slows down. This principle is useful when it comes to protecting a conventional pipeline from damage. But in the case of a hydraulic ram, air turns out to be an unnecessary obstacle.

And two more factors limiting the force of water hammer are insufficient flow speed and its smooth shutdown. It is worth remembering that with the same water flow, the speed decreases as the pipe diameter increases, and vice versa. How the fluid movement is stopped depends on the operation of the valve.

Thus, the most powerful water hammer is obtained by using the most rigid and durable pipe, the strongest acceleration of the flow before stopping and abruptly shutting it off with a valve. If the specified conditions are met, the hydraulic ram will fulfill its purpose and provide the object with the maximum possible amount of water.

Do-it-yourself manual hydraulic pump - Metalworker's Guide

The hydraulic press has a multi-purpose purpose.
This device serves mainly to compress objects of high and medium density while changing their shape or displacing the liquid that is included in the composition.

In addition, the equipment can also be used to carry heavy objects, but there is no need to buy a hydraulic press, because you can do it yourself using a regular jack.

Operating principle of a hydraulic press

Making a press from a jack with your own hands does not affect its quality and technical performance. The characteristics are equal to the equipment that is produced in production. A hydraulic press can be used at home for many purposes. These include:

• stamping;
• forging;
• arching;
• extrusion of profiles;
• pressing of various objects.

In addition, pressing can be used for packaging various items made of wood, metal and plastic.

A hydraulic press is used in almost any industry, but it also finds its application in everyday life. The advantage of such equipment is the law of hydrostatics, which, in turn, facilitates the pressing of objects with any density.

The principle of operation is that a hydraulic press presses on one specific point and thereby increases efficiency elsewhere on the object.

Thus, it is possible to perform a variety of actions from bending to pressing an object with minimal effort.

The entire design includes a small number of parts, but the main ones are two piston cylinders, which differ from each other in their diameter. Inside the pistons there is ordinary water or oil. The liquid allows the law of hydrostatics to operate.

This allows you to increase the efficiency and the object will already be subject to a force of several tons. The structure of a hydraulic press involves working in two planes , but most often a vertical type of equipment is used, and less often a horizontal model.

Making a press with your own hands

Today, there are quite a large number of drawings that allow you to make a hydraulic press using a jack with your own hands.

A homemade press will not differ from real equipment produced at the enterprise.

As a result, you can save money and get high-quality equipment at your disposal, which is also easy to improve and modify in the future.

In everyday life, a homemade press can be used for pressing various kinds of objects, including waste that remains after metal processing.

Many craftsmen especially often use a press to deform pipes and bend profiles .

Since a hydraulic press is created for domestic purposes with your own hands, you can use an ordinary garage instead of a workshop.

Required Tools

Assembling a homemade press using only your own strength is quite simple, but you need to prepare all the necessary tools in advance. It is imperative to prepare a welding machine and a large number of electrodes. If you don’t have welding skills, you can ask specialists to help for a small fee.

For metal processing of some parts, you will also need to find a grinding machine. metal profiles are used as the main raw material , which can be purchased on any construction market. There is no point in buying a large quantity at once.

It's better to buy everything as needed.

The first thing to remember is that the principle of operation in a hydraulic press is pressure, which can be obtained by manual action or a pump. Pressure can also be supplied to the working cylinder by installing a hydraulic jack, which already has a built-in manual pump.

Jacks can be very different, but it is better to choose a bottle-type model, since they have shown the longest service life over the entire period of use.

When starting to assemble a hydraulic press, you need to pay attention to the fact that the jack is installed exclusively in a vertical position and it is not allowed to push the jack rod down.

To use a hydraulic press at home, a minimum load force of 10–20 tons . Large load force, used only when working in production. It is also important to pay attention to such characteristics as:

• bed parameters;
• piston stroke;
• weight;
• dimensions.

The pressure inside the cylinder is obtained using a manual or hydraulic pump. The second option simplifies the work, but the hand pump can be easily replaced.

Creating the basis for a homemade press from a jack

The beginning of work on creating a homemade press is based on creating a platform that will serve as a support and can at the same time withstand the load of the press. It must be taken into account that the force that will act during pressing must be proportional to the nodes.

In fact, the jack will try in every possible way to break the frame structure , so its strength is the key to the quality of all equipment.

It is necessary to make a frame that would withstand a load greater than the force acting during operation of the hydraulic press.

The minimum width dimensions have their limits, because it cannot be less than the total dimensions of the press.

When determining the exact height of a hydraulic press, it is necessary to take into account the length of the jack, the free amplitude of the rod, the free space for processing materials and the dimensions of the work table.

The hydraulic jack is installed on the main blade of the press, and the parts will rest against the fabric of the frame structure.

In this case, all the force that will be transmitted from the rod to the processing or pressing of the material will depend on the operation of the movable work table.

It is installed on the top of the jack structure. In this case, movement will occur using the frame up and down.

The required strength and rigidity of the structure can be obtained by using several ribs at once. To do this, you need to buy corner or square metal profiles. The ideal profile size should be 50 or 40 mm per side.

If you simply do not have the necessary profiles at hand, they can be made from ordinary metal sheets that are bent into the shape of an angle. Then you just need to weld the two corners to each other at the top and bottom.

Thus, it is possible to obtain a profile with several stiffening ribs, which significantly increase the maximum load limit of the structure.

In order to give the hydraulic press stability, it is necessary to weld the plate to the fabricated steel structure. According to standard drawings, the metal plate should be 8–12 mm thick and 200 by 250 mm in size.

Next you will need to install two springs on the equipment on the jack on both sides. On the one hand, the springs must be stuck to the bed, and, on the other hand, installed on the work table.

Springs serve to return the jack to its original position, so they must have the appropriate stiffness and size.

Creating a stop for a hydraulic press

When creating a press with your own hands, you also need to make an additional stop. The metal material that was used to create the racks is suitable for this. The length of the workpiece should be equal to the width of the structure. Next you need to weld the two parts together and connect them to the supporting structure.

You should weld two metal corners , which have 40 or 50 mm on one side, to each other. The length is chosen arbitrarily, but within the range of 30–50 cm. All blanks are then welded together and installed in their proper place.

The connection angle should be 90 degrees.

The angle must be maintained during welding. To do this, it is necessary to use angles that will help maintain the required 90 degrees and will not allow the structure to bend during welding.

Advantage of the removable stop element

The removable thrust element is mainly installed in order to move it along the guide and thereby transfer the direction to the component.

Calculation

Calculating the efficiency of a hydraulic ram is very simple if we limit ourselves to the main circumstances of the phenomenon. Let V1{\displaystyle V_{1}} units of volume of water flow out of the pond per unit time and fall from a low height h{\displaystyle h}. And they rise into the water supply reservoir V2{\displaystyle V_{2}} units to a large height H{\displaystyle H}. Let us denote by η{\displaystyle \eta } the efficiency of the machine. It is equal to the ratio of the work done by the machine to the work of the falling water:

η=V2HV1h{\displaystyle \eta ={\frac {V_{2}H}{V_{1}h}}}

To determine η{\displaystyle \eta } in different cases, many experiments were done back in 1805 by Eitelwein, later by Morin and others. It turned out that this coefficient is greater, the closer the ratio Hh{\displaystyle H:h} is to unity. According to Eitelwein, when H{\displaystyle H} is 20 times greater than h{\displaystyle h}, η=.2{\displaystyle \eta =0.2}; for H=8h{\displaystyle H=8h} η=.5{\displaystyle \eta =0.5}; for H=3h{\displaystyle H=3h} η=.7{\displaystyle \eta =0.7}. According to data from the beginning of the 20th century, the beneficial effect is greater with large falls than with small ones; so, for small h{\displaystyle h} η=.4{\displaystyle \eta =0.4}, for medium ones 0.55, and for large ones 0.7. The influence of the ratio of the height of the fall to the height of the rise of water is considered small. Therefore, from V1=20{\displaystyle V_{1}=20}(liters) you can calculate, for example, to lift 2 liters by 7 meters, 1 liter by 14 meters, and only half a liter by 28 m, if for a given H{ \displaystyle H} η{\displaystyle \eta } = 0.1 for a taken ram, the pipe bringing water must be of sufficient length so that the mass of water contained in it is significant: according to Eitelwein, it must exceed H{\displaystyle H} by a number of feet equal to the ratio of H{\displaystyle H} to h{\displaystyle h}, and in any case not be shorter than five times the height of the rise, so that for short distances it must be deliberately bent. Valve diameter b

should be equal to the diameter of the drive pipe, and this latter in feet is equal to 260(V1+V2){\displaystyle 2{\sqrt {60(V_{1}+V_{2})}}}, where V1{\displaystyle V_{ 1}} and V2{\displaystyle V_{2}} are given in cubic feet.
The volume of the cap is
made equal to the volume of the drive pipe. Both valves should be as close to each other as possible. Currently, a hydraulic ram is used quite often to lift small amounts of water for economic purposes.

The change in pressure is determined by the Zhukovsky formula: Δp=ρ(v−v1)v{\displaystyle \Delta p=\rho (v_{0}-v_{1})v},

where ρ is the density of the liquid, v{\displaystyle v_{0}} and v1{\displaystyle v_{1}} are the average speeds of water before and after closing the valve, v is the speed of propagation of the shock wave in the liquid. This speed can be calculated using the formula:

v=1ρβ+DρEd,{\displaystyle v={\frac {1}{\sqrt {\rho \beta +{\frac {D\rho }{Ed}}}}},},

where E is the modulus of elasticity of the wall, β{\displaystyle \beta } is the compressibility of the liquid, d is the thickness of the pipe walls, and D is its diameter.

Elasticity coefficients of various materials:

• water - 2·109 N/m²;
• cast iron - 100·109 N/m²;
• steel - 200·109 N/m²;
• copper - 123·109 N/m²;
• aluminum - 71·109 N/m²;
• polystyrene - 3.2·109 N/m²;
• glass - 70·109 N/m²;

The V value limit is 1414 m/s (the speed of sound in water).

The efficiency of a hydraulic ram pump depends on the ratio H/h, where h is the height of water entering reservoir A, and H is the required lift height.

Assembling a hydraulic ram: some nuances

To make it easier to work with a hydraulic ram pump, it is worth installing an additional tap on the first check valve, although you can get by with a regular plug. While it is closed, water will not pass through the pump. In the photo example below you can see the already assembled structure, on which an expander is installed on top.

PHOTO: YouTube.com This is what an assembled hydraulic ram looks like

Now it’s worth figuring out what principle it works on.

Operating principle of a hydraulic ram pump

Water is supplied to the hydraulic ram itself through a black hose from the reservoir. If you need to draw from a river or lake, you need to arrange everything so that the pump itself is located at least a meter below the water surface level. If this condition is not met, the hydraulic ram will not work.

The incoming water passes through an upward-facing check valve, entering the conservator, which assists in pumping. Then it flows through the shut-off valve into a thinner hose, through which it can rise to a higher level. Such a system can be used not only for irrigation, but also for showers, if the water in the river is clean enough. But using a stationary tank here will be unprofitable. Some of the water will flow to the ground through a downward-facing check valve.

PHOTO: YouTube.com Water flows through a black hose to a check valve pointing upwards

Next you can see the upper part of the hydraulic ram and the thinner hose coming off.

PHOTO: YouTube.comWater will be supplied to a higher level through a thin hose

First start of the hydraulic ram pump

If all the necessary parameters for the levels are met, then when the first check valve is opened (direction down), water will begin to flow out of it in spurts. It is this pulsation that allows the liquid to be pumped to a higher level. If a hydraulic ram is placed near a river or lake, this excess will flow back into the reservoir.

If you need to use such a pump for a summer shower, you should consider draining the water to the side. Otherwise, water leaking from the valve and flowing into the river will raise dirt. And hardly anyone would like to wash under such a shower.

PHOTO: YouTube.comIf you unscrew the plug of the first check valve, the hydraulic ram will start working

The example considered today is presented only so that the reader can understand the principle of operation of a hydraulic ram, which is why an ordinary metal container was used as a reservoir.

PHOTO: YouTube.com Taking water with a hydraulic ram from such a reservoir is unprofitable - half will end up on the ground

Story

In 1772, the Englishman John Whitehurst invented and built a “pulsating engine,” the prototype of a hydraulic ram, and published its description three years later. Whitehurst's device was manually controlled. The first automatic hydraulic ram pump was invented by the famous Frenchman Joseph-Michel Montgolfier together with Ami Argand in 1796. In 1797, with the help of his friend Matthew Boulton, Montgolfier received a British patent for his invention. In 1816, Montgolfier's sons patented a modified version of this pump.

In the USA, the hydraulic ram pump was first patented by J. Cerneau and SS Hallet in 1809. In 1834, the American H. Strawbridge began producing hydraulic ram pumps.

In 1930, Professor S. D. Chistopolsky, in his work “Hydraulic Ram,” published a method for theoretical calculation of such devices, based on the theory of water hammer created by Professor N. E. Zhukovsky in 1897-1898.

What is a hydraulic ram

Wikipedia calls this device a “hydraulic ram pump,” which is quite fair. The name sounds rather militant, but the purpose of the structure is purely peaceful.

A hydraulic ram is a very ingenious device for supplying water from lower to upper levels. The operation of this device is based on the principle of using water hammer energy. It is very large, since liquids are incompressible and can transfer any force with virtually no loss to the elasticity of the medium.

The device was invented a long time ago - back in the 18th century. The theoretical basis for his work was first created by N. E. Zhukovsky (1907). However, the device has not become widespread, since its operation requires educated technicians.

The lack of literate people was the reason for the non-use of the invention, which remained practically unclaimed.

Using a hydraulic ram allows you to obtain a water supply without electricity. If the device is configured, its operation will be continuous.

However, this is not a perpetual motion machine, since the operation of the device is cyclical - the work is a sequence of similar processes. They are determined by the ordinary laws of physics, so such devices can easily be made independently.

It should be noted that such devices are even more often homemade. There are factory models on sale, but too little is known about them yet - information about hydraulic ram pumps is quite specific and often goes unnoticed.

At the same time, the assembly of such a device can only be performed by a person who well understands its design and operating principle.

DIY water pump without power

The flow will instantly close and a water hammer will occur. The dynamic water pressure will open the check valves, water will flow into the air cap 11 and then into the consumer network and into the hydraulic accumulator 12, and then into cylinder 2. Under the influence of this pressure, the piston will begin to move to the left - the process will be repeated and will be repeated automatically without the participation of the starting container 1, which will be replenished when cylinder 2 is filled.

This machine does not need to drain “excess” water, which not only increases efficiency and ease of use, but also makes the machine almost universal - it can work on any river.

Factory-made hydraulic ram pumps

Of course, such simple and reliable devices could not avoid claims for mass production. Currently, they are produced by both domestic and foreign companies. However, due to their specific nature of operation (part of the water is discharged through a valve), they have a rather narrow scope of application - in urban areas they are practically useless, but are indispensable in remote, undeveloped areas, eco-villages and farms.

Today in Russia, only one company produces these environmentally friendly and efficient devices - the Ural production artel. The model range is represented by Kachalych pumps GT-01 (190 USD) and GT-03 (110 USD), as well as their varieties.

Making a pump yourself will cost a little less, even if you purchase all the parts. However, real savings are achieved if available means are available - in this case, the pump will be practically free, while its performance can be significantly higher due to a larger feeder and the throughput of the entire system.

Any device or device based on the action of natural forces deserves close attention and development. By ignoring the free energy provided by nature itself, we risk suddenly being left helpless in the absence of gasoline and electricity. Transferring household farming to alternative energy sources is the key to peace and harmony with the environment.

Manufacturers and models

A hydraulic ram is a very specific device that is not understood by everyone. Therefore, not all manufacturers are engaged in the production of such products. Moreover, well-known and reputable companies try to distance themselves from the manufacture of such devices.

The reason for this attitude is the inability to provide the expected result. For a serious manufacturer, it is very important to provide the end user with the declared properties of their products. But here everything depends on the actions of the owner - how much he is able to correctly connect the device and configure its operation in an optimal way.

This explains the lack of a sufficient number of ready-made models on the market.

The following models are available for sale:

GT-02 "Kachalych"

These are products of the Ural production artel, located in Perm and the Sverdlovsk region. To operate the installation, a supply water flow with a capacity of at least 25 l/min (with a height difference of 50 cm) or at least 50 l/min (with a height difference of 150 cm) is required. The company has another, more productive model in its arsenal - GT-03;

hydraulic ram pump TG2-76

Manufactured by the alternative design bureau "OLAV". The device is designed to lift water to a height of up to 10 m, with a productivity of 110 to 350 l/min. OLAV JSCB has other models with different operating parameters in its arsenal.

In addition, you can find offers on Aliexpress. However, they appear only from time to time, there is no permanent supply.

The lack of serious production and sufficiently widespread information about hydraulic ram pumps makes such useful and economical installations unclaimed. This is a very sad situation, since non-volatile installations allow for great savings.

On the basis of a hydraulic ram, you can assemble a mini power station, which makes the device not only convenient, but also vital.

Operating principle of hydraulic ram:

The figure below shows a schematic diagram of a hydraulic ram.

• 1. Supply pipe
• 2. Blower valve
• 3. Pressure valve
• 4. Air cap
• 5. Pressure pipe
• 6. Water intake device

The supply pipe (1) is relatively long. The height of the water level at the point of its intake and at the place where the baffle valve is installed must be at least 0.5 m (the productivity and pressure height directly depend on the difference).

The hydraulic ram works as follows. When the baffle valve (2) is open, water moves through the supply pipe (1) and drains out. When a certain flow rate is reached, the water picks up the baffle valve (2) and accelerates its top movement. Valve (2) abruptly stops the flow of water. The front layers of water, resting against the valve (2), stop, while the remaining layers of the water column in the supply pipe (1) continue to move by inertia. As a result, there is a sharp increase in pressure in the area of ​​the baffle valve (2), and the entire column of water in the pipe (1) stops. The process of increasing pressure in the pipe (1) is accompanied by elastic compression of water. After the water stops in the pipe (1), a reverse, reflected pressure wave appears towards the water intake device (6), leading to a decrease in pressure at the baffle valve (2), down to a vacuum. The knockout valve (2) opens and the process repeats. When the pressure in the area of ​​the baffle valve (2) increases, water flows through the pressure valve (3) into the cavity of the air cap (4) or, in other words, the hydraulic accumulator. Next, the water, practically without pulsation, flows through the pressure pipeline (5) to its destination.

The described phenomenon, when an accelerated massive column of water in a long supply pipe (1) hits a suddenly closed baffle valve (2), is called water hammer.

How and why a hydraulic ram works

The main feature of this pump is that it uses the kinetic energy of water that is already in the flow. That is, to supply water to a height, a level difference is necessary. It can be minimal - 0.5 m, but the higher this figure, the more efficient the pump. We deliberately do not provide a hydraulic calculation - it is extremely complex and comes down only to the optimal proportion of the height difference between the water intake point, the working part of the pump and the upper drain point. Since this device will be installed in specific conditions, it is reasonable to determine all values ​​locally.

Water entering the feeder, under the influence of gravity, tends to the lowest point, creating excess pressure to which the hydraulic valve responds. At the moment it is triggered, water is blocked in a closed system and a water hammer phenomenon occurs, which pushes water through the check valve into the expansion tank. The elastic walls of the tank accumulate excess pressure from water hammer, but not in water (it is incompressible), but in air. This pressure pushes water through the outlet channel (hose, pipe), and the check valve prevents the pressure from equalizing.

The principle of operation of a hydraulic ram pump in the video

After the pressure in the expansion tank is released, the hydraulic valve opens again and the cycle resumes. Water supply occurs in pulses. Many have already guessed that the operation of the pump is made possible due to the difference in the density of the media - incompressible water and air, which easily accumulates pressure. The entire force of the water hammer goes into compressing the gas (air) in the expansion tank, which then supplies water to the top.

Kinds

Scientists are making attempts to eliminate the shortcomings of the classic pump. For example, the task is set of how to make a hydraulic ram work in standing water, which is contained in ponds, lakes and wells. This question was asked by V.V. Marukhin and V.A. Kutienkov. They decided to change the existing design - they installed a baffle valve in front of the pressure valve, and plugged the drainage area.

In this case, there is no need to ensure that all the water exits the discharge pipe. It becomes possible to immerse the device in standing water. In this case, the pond or lake itself becomes a feeding reservoir, and the slope of the discharge pipe is no longer necessary.

Hydroram with one larger capacity tank

It can be laid horizontally, since the operating pressure is created by the depth of the pump. It is impossible to completely remove the discharge pipe in the Marukhin hydraulic ram. Its purpose is to form a directed flow, isolated from the general water mass and giving a hydraulic shock.

The authors, using calculations, established that the minimum depth required for the operation of such equipment is 15 meters. Only under such conditions will pressure act that will force the flow to move and provide water hammer.

Another inventor, M. N. Burangulov, presented to the scientific community his version of an underwater hydraulic ram - it differs from its analogues in its increased productivity. Water hammer is used to the fullest here. This effect is achieved through a special bumper valve device.

It consists of two disks, one of which is rigidly fixed, and the other has the ability to rotate around its axis. Additional structural elements have been added here - a rod, a piston. In such a system, the rebound valve closes instantly, which makes the impact from the water column more powerful, and the efficiency of the pump as a whole increases.

Rogozin's hydraulic ram is another type of device for collecting natural liquid. The inventor's developments were particularly successful in the USSR. Rogozin proposed combining a hydraulic ram with a turbine to which an electric generator is connected. In this case, the water-lifting device also becomes a source of energy.

A turbine connected to a hydraulic ram operates in a flow in which it is not capable of functioning independently.

But here special attention should be paid to ensuring that the water passing through the baffle valve immediately makes room for the newly approaching portion of liquid

DIY manual hydraulic pump

The hydraulic (manual) pump is quite in demand in the industrial sector. Its main task can be called pumping fuels and lubricants.

At the same time, the models have their own permissible viscosity standards. Additionally, the devices differ in their design. The main element of a hand pump can be called the dispenser pipe.

In some cases, telescopic intakes are used instead.

How is it built?

The standard manual (hydraulic) pump has a simple device. There is a test hose located at the bottom of the housing. It is attached to the mechanism through a special hole using clamps. There is a valve higher up in the hand pump that controls the pressure. By turning it clockwise, you can adjust the pumping force.

There is a plug for filling the tank. Below it is a small port, which is designed to connect to the general system. The mechanism also has a separate reservoir with a pipe for liquid.

The hydraulic cylinder is connected to the hand pump using a threaded method. To adjust the valve intensity, manufacturers install special regulators. With their help you can easily change the pressure.

In this case, the pump handle is installed separately, which is secured with a plug.

Diagram of a hand pump for pumping out oil

To pump out large quantities of oil, a durable hydraulic cylinder is required (a diagram of a manual hydraulic pump is shown below). As a rule, it is reinforced with a small support. As a result, it is possible to secure it more tightly. Additionally, bolts are used for this.

Among other things, the hand pump is equipped with a hydraulic tube. Its main task is to supply pressure to the cylinder. For this purpose, a tee is installed in the device. It is mounted on a special cushion, which is fixed on a washer. It is also secured with nuts. A rubber band is used for the holder in the hand pump. In this case, the fitting is located at the very bottom.

Pump repair

In order to repair a hydraulic hand pump, you need to find out as much as possible about the breakdown. First of all, you should look at the pressure gauge readings.

If the pressure deviates from the norm, this is due to the central reservoir, the tightness of which may be compromised. In order to replace it, you will need a standard set of tools.

First of all, unscrew the upper bushing and disconnect the hydraulic pump handle. Next, you need to carefully remove the protective washer.

After this, it is possible to disconnect the plug. Directly below it is a reservoir. If external inspection does not show obvious deformation, the shut-off valve must be unscrewed from it. After this, experts advise checking the functionality of the valve. If it is quite tight, you need to lubricate it. After this, the mechanism should be folded and checked for functionality.

The second common problem with pumps is considered to be abrasion of the rubber plug. In this case, you can simply replace it. In this case, it is necessary to find out its exact diameter and thickness. After completing the repair work, the entire mechanism also needs lubrication.

How are homemade models created?

Today, homemade devices of this type are quite rare. However, you can make a hydraulic pump (manual) with your own hands. First of all, a steel tank is used as a body.

It requires a valve to control the pressure. It is secured at the top with a washer. A lever is used to adjust the shut-off valve. In this case, you can use a cast iron pipe.

To control the pressure, a pressure gauge should be installed.

You will need a sleeve with a pipe that will prevent the valve from twisting. As a result, you can fold a device that can withstand a pressure of no more than 4 atm.

A distinctive feature of homemade hand pumps is their large dimensions. And to bring the lever into operation, great efforts must be made.

Considering all of the above, such devices are considered ineffective and are rarely used in industry.

Hydraulic pumps NRG

HP pumps are reliable pressure sources. Moreover, they can be connected to various hydraulic systems. The manual hydraulic pump NRG-7007 has a nominal tank volume of 0.7 liters.

At the same time, its useful volume is 0.6 liters, and this modification can withstand a pressure of 1.3 MPa. Overall its performance is pretty good.

If we consider high-pressure pumps, then the NRG-7110 device deserves attention.

Its nominal tank volume is 1 liter. In this case, the maximum pressure is maintained at 2.7 MPa, and the force on the handle must be applied at 50 kgf. The dimensions of this modification are as follows: width - 310 mm, height - 320 mm, and length - 750 mm.

The hydraulic pump (manual) NGR-7016 has a nominal tank volume of 16 liters. At the same time, its useful volume is 14 liters. The pressure at the first stage is maintained at 2.7 MPa, and the system capacity is 113 cubic meters. see in one move.

This hydraulic (manual) pump weighs as much as 29 kg.

NRG pumps with distributors

Hand pumps of the NRG series are produced in some cases with distributors. These models have the letter “P” in their names, so anyone can recognize them.

A distinctive feature of these devices is considered to be high maximum pressure. Moreover, their tanks are installed in a variety of diameters.

If we consider the modification NRG-7020R, then the useful volume of the chamber is exactly 2 liters, and the pressure is maintained at around 3 MPa.

The productivity of the device at the second stage is 113 cubic meters. see the move. In this case, the force on the handle should be applied at 55 kgf. This hydraulic (manual) pump weighs 22 kg.

If we consider the NRG-67016R model, then its nominal tank volume is 14 liters, the “maximum” pressure is maintained at 4 MPa. The capacity of the mechanism at the second stage is 115 cubic meters. cm per move.

The assembled device weighs exactly 30 kg.

Single acting system

To connect a manual hydraulic pump to a single-acting system, you will need a special adapter. It is usually let in with a pressure gauge.

The most common modification of the adapter is considered to be the “MA100” model. Additionally, you will need a hose at least three meters long. Its end must connect to the coupling half.

The system must also have an actuator.

A distinctive feature of these devices is a powerful valve that can withstand heavy loads. It is connected to the system, as a rule, through a regular adapter. Additionally, a BRS class half-coupling is used. To work, you will also need an adapter that will be attached to the tap. Via an adapter, the pump can be connected to the actuator.

Double acting hydraulic system

A double-acting hydraulic system requires a standard adapter as well as a pump. In this case, the coupling half is used from the BRR series. It should also be noted that the rod can be connected to the system, and this is done to return the stroke.

By default, it is assumed that there is one hydraulic pipe, but several can be connected. In order to connect the pump to the actuator, a special hydraulic lock is used. It is installed on two connectors at once.

In this case, the pressure can jump to 3 MPa.

In this case, you should constantly monitor the pressure gauge readings. After installing the hydraulic lock, you need to tighten all the bolts and check the rod for functionality. Additionally, it should be noted that protective bushings in this system can only be used of the UGZ class. This is due to the fact that it is necessary to connect to the actuator with exactly two connectors.

How do hand pumps operate from a station?

The hand pump can only be connected to the station using an adapter of the ШП series. In this case, the standard connection diagram provides for the presence of a drain pipe. It is produced with the “T” marking.

Additionally, you will need a valve that will regulate the pressure. The coupling half of the device is directly attached to the second hose. In this case, the central rod is not used.

This is due to the lack of a hydraulic lock.

Ultimately, the system must be closed on the actuator. In order to check the functionality of the pump, the valve should be fully screwed in until it stops. Next, the actuator is turned on. At this time, the pressure gauge should not show pressure. If any problems occur, you should completely check the circuit for integrity.

Design of pumps with half-coupling

A feature of pumps with a half-coupling is considered to be volumetric cylinders. At the same time, they are attached to the camera using special clamps that are fixed with bolts. Additionally, there is a protective washer that locks the central rod. Directly below this is a small tee that connects to the hand pump sleeve.

Design and purpose of a manual hydraulic pump, technical characteristics

style=”display:block” data-ad-client=”ca-pub-9337857885889635″ data-ad-slot=”9967522739″

data-ad-format="auto">

Manual hydraulic pumps are quite versatile devices, the main advantage of which is high transportability, as well as the absence of the need to connect to the electrical network. This factor makes it possible to operate high-pressure hydraulic pumps for both domestic and industrial purposes.

The hydraulic water pump has the following design:

1. Working handle. The main means by which a person transfers mechanical energy to the pump device. The handle is a kind of lever mechanism, the influence of which regulates the intensity of operation of the pumping device. At the same time, some pumps, for example, manual hydraulic pump 101, can be equipped with an additional foot rod, which facilitates human effort and promotes operating comfort;
2. Plunger. A connecting element that acts as an intermediate link between the handle and the body;
3. Pump housing. The body of the device is also a detail of primary importance, because it is in it that a vacuum is created, which transforms into pressure of the required degree, with the help of which the liquid is taken and pumped. The HP hydraulic manual pump is equipped with a metal or plastic housing that has hermetically sealed insulation. The hydraulic oil pump has an additional oil composition that optimizes the operation of the device;
4. Case back cover. It provides additional fixation of the housing, and also helps to create the necessary pressure in the system;
5. The bleed valve is a unit that helps normalize pressure. The manual hydraulic pump NPG 7007 has a vertical valve arrangement on the back cover. Other models may be equipped with this part either in the same place or on the back/side of the pump;
6. High pressure hose. It is clear that only a manual high-pressure hydraulic pump has this device. The sleeve is a hose that is attached directly to the plunger, and is equipped with a special connector at the opposite end;
7. A pressure gauge is an optional device that can be used to monitor the technical characteristics of a hydraulic hand pump, namely the pressure level in the system.

The main technical characteristics of hydraulic pumps are the pump operating pressure and displacement. Working pressure is an indicator of the power of the device.

The higher the operating pressure, the faster a manual hydraulic pump can pump fluid. Pump pressure is measured in a special unit - Bar.

Hydraulic pump

The hydraulic characteristics of pumps in the form of working volume will indicate the amount of water mass that the pump is capable of pumping in one full cycle of operation. Pump volume is measured in cubic centimeters.

Operating principle of a manual hydraulic pump, scope of application

A hydraulic cylinder with a hand pump has an operating principle that is based on the transformation of mechanical action into hydraulic force. In more detail, when the handle is pressed, pressure arises in the pump.

After this, due to the existence of a suction and discharge compartment in the design of the hydraulic pump, liquid is drawn in. At this time, the valve normalizes the pressure in the system, and further transport of water occurs due to the vacuum.

Manual hydraulic pumps Gn operate in the same mode until human impact stops.

In the body of the device, a constant friction process occurs, so the oil chamber helps protect the internal parts of the pump.

The hydraulic manual pump NRG 344 and models of a similar design are primarily intended for use in summer cottages and country houses, for the purpose of pumping water and other liquids from a certain area. Such pumps are also used for local transportation of liquid to a designated place.

Hydraulic manual pump 20 tons, also used on an industrial scale.

Such pumps are capable of working with more aggressive media.

They are actively used in the construction of both small projects and large office centers and apartment buildings.

Types and differences of manual hydraulic pumps - their prices

style=”display:block; text-align:center;" data-ad-layout=”in-article” data-ad-format=”fluid” data-ad-client=”ca-pub-9337857885889635″

data-ad-slot=”9725334793″>

High-pressure hydraulic pumps may differ in their design, device features, as well as technical parameters.

Manual hydraulic pumps, depending on the working position, are:

Hydraulic submersible pump. This design is more powerful, designed to work with a depth of 10 - 15 meters.

The working part of the pump is located directly in the liquid, and the working handle itself is directly on the source.

The 10t manual hydraulic pump is one of the representatives of these pumps.

Most often, a hydraulic submersible pump is used in large construction, as well as industry.

The price of a high-pressure submersible hydraulic pump varies from 5,000 to 30,000 rubles. For example, the price of a hydraulic pump Nsh ​​32 is approximately 8,000 rubles.

On the market you can find more powerful models, the cost of which exceeds 50,000 rubles;

Types of hydraulic hand pumps

Hydraulic surface pump. A more common variation of the manual hydraulic pump.

In this design, the entire system is located near the required area for pumping, and only the high-pressure hose has direct contact with the water medium.

Hydraulic hand pump Нрг 7004а is a representative of a series popular among surface hand pumps.

Such pumps have good versatility and are able to cope with many liquid pumping tasks.

At the same time, they are not very powerful and are most suitable for domestic use. The price of a surface-type hydraulic hand pump is in the range of 2,000 – 15,000 rubles.

It should be noted that among folk craftsmen there are several homemade designs.

A do-it-yourself manual hydraulic pump is popular among users because it has a low cost.

Structurally simple pumps are based on the simple interaction of mechanical force paired with hydraulics.

We do not recommend taking homemade models seriously, as their reliability is questionable. Moreover, if they are produced by a person who does not have technical education and skills.

Tips for choosing hydraulic hand pumps, their repair

You can buy a manual hydraulic pump only after all technical and other nuances regarding its choice have been agreed upon:

• Pump displacement. With this indicator you can roughly calculate the performance of the device. This is important if you need to work with a large volume of liquid;
• Operating pressure. It will show you the speed at which the pump pumps liquid over a full operating cycle;
• Pump parameters: weight and dimensions;
• Optional functions, in the form of automatic pump operation, or simpler ones, in the form of a foot lever to activate the pumping device;
• The integrity of the pump kit when purchased directly.

The design of a manual hydraulic pump is characterized by good reliability; at the same time, a situation is possible when the pumping device fails.

New hydraulic pump in box

Repair of a manual hydraulic pump is best done at a manufacturer-certified service center.

Hydroram - pump without electricity supply

Representatives of three reputable companies in Spain were present at all tests as independent observers. As a result, a stable self-sustaining mode was obtained, and processing of the oscillogram of excess pressure in the bell gave the averaged results presented in Fig. In this case, the diagram of the resulting electrical voltage and current did not have a stepwise character.

Thus, the new water-lifting device, which is, in fact, a new converter of gravitational energy, is capable of generating any industrial amount of environmentally friendly and powerful electricity in a simple way, and is potentially capable of replacing existing thermal and nuclear power plants in terms of power.

Currently, the widespread introduction of this invention into the energy sector does not present any technical problems.

Its appearance on a comparative scale is shown in Fig. The layout of such a single module in an underground tank is shown in Fig.

Output voltage - 6.3 kV. Frequency - 50 Hz. Length - 8.1 m. Support base diameter 2 m

It is important that the specific cost of such a source of electricity is the minimum of all known energy generators

The total costs of building a power plant with such a module will not exceed the cost of building an industrial wind generator. In conclusion, it should be noted that the results of theoretical and experimental studies allowed the authors of this article and the group of specialists who participated in the development of this invention to make several applications for European patents and receive them in a year.

Hydrorams - fuel-free pumps from Ural craftsmen

Perm seditious people began implementing projects to improve the quality of life of people on Earth. Contrary to all modern scientific generally accepted concepts and dogmas, they decided to launch mass production of water pumps operating WITHOUT ELECTRICITY at the most affordable price for Russians!

Long-forgotten ancestral, environmentally friendly and non-polluting technologies began to be revived on our holy Russian land. And no matter how the representatives of the dark Western hierarchies try to lure the bright Russian heads to their side, the Gods are on our side, which means victory will be ours.