An impeller pump is a device that is equipped with a flexible working element. Models are used for pumping liquids with high viscosity. Pumps are also often used for transferring. Today, various models are actively used in the pharmaceutical, perfumery, dairy, canning and other fields.
The devices can also work with thick liquids, but in this situation much depends on the engine power. If we consider the advantages of specifically impeller modifications, then this is, first of all, a wide range of applications. It is also worth noting that pumps can be used as dispensers. They are ideal for pumping emulsions. In this case, the liquid may contain various small particles.
Pump device
An impeller pump without a motor is an impeller. It is connected to the adapter shaft. At the end there is a special head. Pump blowers are used in different types. A separate hole is provided for liquid suction. The guides in the device are installed in the main chamber. The diffuser itself is most often of the flat type. In some cases, the body is made with a jacket.
A few words about the background of the issue
“Living” water can work wonders for human health. And such a liquid is obtained in a special device called an “activator” or “ionizer.” That is, ordinary tap water under the influence of this device is divided into soft alkaline “live” and oxidized “dead” which, however, also has some useful applied qualities.
Since it’s time to seriously think about health - in her opinion, such a device is vitally necessary for us.
At first, I simply decided to “pay off” - they say, with my next pension, I’ll buy it exactly by March 8th. And so I began to work through this issue. My dears, it turns out that even the cheapest of these ionizers costs absolutely crazy money - at least 4,500 rubles, or even more.
Now take a closer look at the device. If we put aside all these digital panels and other “whistles” (which, in my firm opinion, in most cases play a “decorative” role to increase the price), then the activator itself is a vessel separated by a conductive partition with electrodes lowered into it, connected to a DC source.
Immediately I thought - is this design really that expensive? Most likely, manufacturers are simply cashing in on the desire of many people for a healthy lifestyle. There is no other way to explain...
And really I can’t do something similar for much more modest money?
The main problem is how to divide the water treated by electrolysis into alkaline and acidic “fractions”, that is, into “live” and “dead”. I looked at how skilled people approach this matter. It turns out that such a homemade “device” is a fairly common thing.
In most cases, it is recommended to make a canvas bag, for example, from a fire hose, in which the electrode will be located, connected to the positive pole of the power source. This bag will contain cone - the canvas walls will prevent it from mixing with the rest of the volume.
I rejected this idea - I did not have a canvas hose, and, in my opinion, using a device with such a layout is not very convenient.
I decided to go with the option in which the “fractions” would disperse into two isolated containers. And the electrical contact between them, necessary for the electrolysis process, can be organized with a “wick” soaked in water - a cotton-gauze tourniquet. Something like this:
But not everyone liked it here either. In particular, the fact that, firstly, the conductor harness is hung over the edges of the cans - water from it can flow onto the table, which is probably unsafe when the device is turned on. Secondly, it seemed to me desirable that the device be a solid structure in its working position, that is, the containers could not be moved relative to each other by accidental movement. And thirdly, it is necessary to ensure that the ionizer is safe to use, that is, all current-carrying elements are completely closed.
The first diagram shows that AC rectification is carried out by one diode (for example, D203A). But a full-fledged diode bridge is still preferable, since the half-cycle is not cut off, and the device is, in principle, four times more powerful.
I imagined an approximate technical specification for myself - so I got down to business. I figured out a lot on the fly, so, by the way, I made a couple of mistakes that had to be corrected.
How to do it yourself?
Making an impeller pump with your own hands is quite difficult. In this case, a large chamber for pumping liquid will be required. The impeller itself must be sized to fit the outlet hole. The shaft for the standard model is available with a diameter of at least 2.5 cm. In this situation, it is more advisable to use a steel supercharger. A pipe will be required to suck in the liquid. Diffusers are mainly used flat.
They are installed above the impeller. In this case, the impeller should be located next to the blower in the pump chamber. The nominal flow of a device of this type must be maintained at 3 cubic meters. meters per hour. The motors themselves are most often installed at 15 kW. The system must withstand a pressure of 10 meters.
Pump type “NSU-3/0.35”
This impeller pump (12 volt) is equipped with a cylindrical chamber. In this case, there is a jacket to protect the body. The model has a direct adapter shaft of 2.7 cm. The supercharger is made of steel. The head of the shaft has teeth. If we talk about the parameters, then this model weighs exactly 13 kg. The nominal flow rate is at the level of 3 cubic meters. meters per hour. It is also important to mention that the feed parameter is 12 meters. The motor in this pump is of the asynchronous type, and its power is 18 kW.
Devices "NSU-3/0.75"
This impeller pump is actively used in the perfume industry. Its design is very similar to the NSU-3/0.35 modification. Pumps can handle liquids of varying viscosities. The model's camera is of a cylindrical type. The supercharger in this case is located behind the impeller. The impeller itself is used with small guides. The diameter of the adapter shaft is exactly 2.5 cm. Its head is made with teeth and is capable of withstanding heavy loads. The model has an asynchronous motor, and its power reaches 20 kW. The voltage of this NSU impeller pump can withstand 220 V at an operating frequency of 45 Hz.
Purpose of the irrigator
Some dentists actively use a professional irrigator when performing hygienic cleaning of a patient’s teeth. An equally effective and standard home appliance is stationary (with a mandatory connection to the water supply) or portable (portable).
Teeth cleaning
The attention of dentists to irrigators is drawn due to the following reasons:
- timely cleansing of the oral cavity helps prevent the development of caries and other diseases of the teeth and gums;
- there is an improvement in bad breath;
- the bracket system is properly cleaned;
- prevents bleeding gums;
- Provides care for installed implants and prevents their loss.
Doctors especially recommend using this device for pregnant women to prevent periodontitis and for patients with diabetes, who often develop gum disease when blood glucose levels increase. The device will also help children prevent the development of dental caries.
Models for dairy products
Pumps for dairy products are usually made with oblong chambers. The engines on them are often of the commutator type. The superchargers, in turn, are made of steel. Directly transition shafts are used with small diameters. Dairy products require models with a high speed setting. If we talk about power, then on average it fluctuates around 20 kW. The nominal flow rate is 4 cubic meters. meters per hour. The kinematic viscosity of a device of this type is maintained at 210 cSt.
Devices for oil and fat products
For oil and fat products, high power pumps are used. Cameras for them are used only with shirts. Moreover, the noise level in this case should not exceed 65 dB. If we talk about the design features of the models, then the impellers deserve attention. Their guides are of short length, but they can withstand heavy loads.
The impeller is installed directly in the chamber. The adapter shafts of the models differ quite significantly in diameter. Motors can most often be found asynchronous type with a power of 15 W. The pressure indicator of the devices reaches 11 meters. The nominal flow parameter, in turn, does not exceed 6 cubic meters. meters per hour.
Features of models for the production of confectionery products
For the production of confectionery products, pumps are selected with a high kinetic viscosity parameter. In this case, the pumping temperature must be at least 80 degrees. If you pay attention to the design features of the devices, you should mention the power of the engines. On average, this parameter fluctuates around 22 kW. The chambers themselves are cylindrical in shape.
Adapter shafts are used with a diameter of 2.1 cm. Superchargers are most often installed behind the diffuser. The models have serrated heads. Guides, as a rule, are found in short lengths. The nominal flow rate of the pumps is at the level of 4 cubic meters. meters per hour. In this case, the pressure parameter is no more than 13 meters. Suction pipes are used in different diameters.
Pumps for fruits and vegetables
For fruit and vegetable products, an impeller pump is required with a large suction pipe. Devices must operate at a temperature of at least 70 degrees. The engines on the models are usually of the commutator type with a power of 15 kW. They operate from a network with a voltage of 220 V and an operating frequency of 55 Hz.
They use short transition shafts. Thus, the nominal flow rate of the devices is insignificant. However, the pressure parameter is on average 12 meters. It is also important to note that the impellers are installed directly in the chamber. Today, there are many modifications with shirts on the market. Their average noise level is 60 dB.
Air ionization: placebo or real effect
How does ionized air differ from non-ionized air? In order not to go into scientific terms, we will give a simple example that you have probably encountered. Remember how different the air is after a thunderstorm? It is at this moment that it is maximally “charged”. And you will probably agree that after rain it is especially easy to breathe and your well-being improves significantly.
Professor Chizhevsky's research in the 60s was so impressive that the Presidium of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions even issued a decree on the ionization of air in industrial premises. The task was to take care of the health of working employees. Chizhevsky's chandeliers, which consisted of a frame with a metal mesh to which a high voltage current was supplied, were hung in factory workshops. It is this idea that has been picked up by modern ionizer manufacturers.
But in fairness, it must be said that debates about the benefits of ionization are still ongoing in scientific circles. Opponents of this theory believe that ionization does not affect a person’s well-being and its entire effect is a placebo. However, there is ample evidence of the effectiveness of this method of air purification.
But why not try to test the effect for yourself, if the device can be made literally from scrap materials?
Pumps in the cosmetic field
The impeller pump for making ointments is compact. A powerful engine is not required in this case. Adapter shafts for models are installed with a small diameter. Superchargers are most often used in steel. The impellers themselves are mostly flat. Impellers in pumps are used with guides. If we talk about device parameters, it is important to mention the power, which in some models does not even reach 12 kW. The pressure indicator, in turn, is no more than 8 meters.
Tips and tricks for using an irrigator
To clean the oral cavity efficiently and effectively, it is recommended to follow the following rules:
- Beginners should use a device that regulates the lowest power flow of water. This is necessary to prevent bleeding gums and other problems with teeth that are not yet accustomed to this cleaning method.
- Dentists' recommendations are based on dividing the oral cavity into 4 sections. Start cleaning with the front teeth.
- All areas of the oral cavity should be cleaned - the outer side of the teeth, the inner side, the gums, interdental spaces and periodontal pockets, in which food often settles, leading to the development of gum disease.
- All movements should be smooth, since a sharp impact can lead to an inflammatory reaction of the gums.
Making your own irrigator significantly saves the family budget, and also makes dental care more thorough and of higher quality.
Models for perfume production
For the production of perfumes, an impeller pump is usually used with low power. In this case, the motors must be of the commutator type. They operate from a mains voltage of 220 V, and their operating frequency is 53 Hz. The adapter shafts themselves are used with a diameter of about 2.5 cm. The models differ quite significantly in the size of the suction pipes. In this situation, a lot depends on the volume of the main camera. Superchargers are often made of steel. Only flat guides are suitable for such devices.
The diffuser in many models is located near the wheel. If we talk about pump parameters, it is important to mention the nominal flow. On average, this figure does not exceed 3 cubic meters. meters per hour. However, there are also more powerful models. In this case, the pressure parameter lies within 12 meters. The maximum pumping temperature allowed is 70 degrees. Kinetic viscosity must be at least 230 cSt.
What is an irrigator
Irrigator with nozzles
An irrigator is a device used for oral hygiene to cleanse teeth and prevent the development of gum disease. The principle of operation of the device is to supply a powerful jet of water, which, under its pressure, is able to clean the interdental spaces from food debris and remove plaque from the surface of the teeth.
The device consists of three main parts:
- mechanical part;
- container for water if the device is portable (portable);
- nozzles for water supply.
The container is often filled with not just plain water, but a special solution that allows for proper dental care. Solutions can be different:
- antiseptic;
- hygienic;
- medicinal;
- designed to improve bad breath.
Flow irrigator
Pumps in pharmaceuticals
For pharmaceuticals, the shape of the impeller is very important. In this case, the guides must be at least 1.2 cm thick. All this will allow you to pump liquid with small particles without any problems. The kinematic viscosity parameter should be around 210 cSt. At the same time, the nominal feed is recommended to be at least 4 cubic meters. meters per hour. Additionally, the pressure indicator is taken into account. On average it is 12 meters. However, if we consider modifications with 10 kW commutator motors, then in this situation for pumps this parameter will reach up to 14 meters.
Criterias of choice
When choosing backpacks with hydration packs, it is important to consider the convenience of the models. They should have wide straps, an orthopedic back, additional fasteners for the hose and containers, and pockets for placing the hydropack itself. Only safe materials should be used to make the drinking system.
Drinking system volume
Depending on the model, the volume of the hydration bottle varies from 1 to 3 liters. When choosing, you should focus on your own needs, the level of activity of the athlete or tourist. Lightweight backpacks with a hydration system are usually equipped with a medium-sized capacity of 1.5 liters, which is enough for a 1-2 hour run. This is an excellent option for athletes, cyclists and skiers.
Large hydropacks with a volume of up to 3 liters are designed for long hikes. They provide the traveler with long-term supplies of clean drinking water. The special compartment of the backpack where such hydration packs are placed is designed for uniform weight distribution.
Material and colors
The main requirement for materials is safety of use. The components of a drinking system for a backpack should not contain harmful components - they can worsen the taste of water and cause harm to health. The container and tube are usually made of opaque, translucent and transparent polyethylene. The latter option is better because it provides an overview of the contents and allows you to rinse and blow out the hydropack in time. This is especially important in frosty weather: the remaining liquid in the tube may freeze, which will impair the patency of the hose.
The color of the hydropack itself can be any. The shade of the protective case and backpack depends on the purpose: for military products, camouflage versions are produced, for skiers - dark blue, light blue, for children - bright, with images of cartoon characters.
Sealing method
A screw cap or clamp is used to seal the container. The first is attached to the neck and does not lose its properties even with accidental impacts. Once opened, you can place the container in water and fill it. A hydropack with a screw cap is more difficult to clean; a special brush is used for this.
Pumps for the production of household chemicals
An impeller pump with commutator motors is excellent for the production of household chemicals. The limiting frequency in this case should not exceed 50 Hz. If we talk about the design features of the models, it is important to note that transition shafts are allowed with a diameter of at least 2.6 m. This ensures good pressure. The supercharger also deserves attention. In these configurations it is installed behind the diffuser.
The impellers themselves may differ in diameter. On average, the nominal flow rate is 4 cubic meters. meters per hour. The engines in this case have a power of at least 12 kW. For liquid, the maximum temperature allowed is 75 degrees. Many models are made by manufacturers with shirts.
Advantages of jet engines
A water jet is an example of a propulsion system with a complex design. The device draws in water through a pump, gives it sufficient acceleration and pushes it out through the nozzle. To turn the watercraft, the nozzle is rotated in both directions horizontally, and the reverse motion is provided by a deflector that directs the flow of water back.
The weakness of the system is the loss of energy due to friction, but this is more than compensated by the effective operation of the water jet impeller - the pump impeller. Therefore, engines with propellers and water-jet propulsion practically do not differ in performance at low and medium speeds. And under extreme loads, the superiority of the second option becomes undeniable.
If it is necessary to frequently move through shallow water with a depth of less than 1 m, water cannons have no alternative. The engine is capable of pushing the vessel ashore, and then returning it to the reservoir without any problems with a reverse jet - the flow of water is directed under the hull of a homemade water jet boat. Maneuverability improves if the vessel is controlled by an experienced user who knows the system's features.
The main advantage is safety. The impeller is located inside the system, which means it cannot harm people or animals near the boat.
What boats are they installed on?
The paradox is that water jet engines are used on giant ferries (powerful multi-shaft water jets) and on jet skis. And the main segment of the pleasure boat market is made up of motors with a propeller. But in some cases, water jet attachments for outboard motors turn out to be indispensable. Rescue ships and boats that serve as tugs for water ski enthusiasts use only water jet engines, because they are completely safe for people and animals nearby.
Models for working with petroleum products
A wide variety of pumps can be found for pumping petroleum products. First of all, it is important to mention compact models whose power does not exceed 10 kW. In this case, transition shafts are installed with a diameter of less than 2.2 cm. The chambers themselves are short. Shirts for them are installed quite rarely.
On average, the nominal flow of devices is 4.5 cubic meters. meters per hour. The pressure indicator does not exceed 11 meters. The guides for these pumps are short. Thus, the limit frequency parameter can reach 60 Hz.
Manufacturing algorithm
Making an ionizer yourself is a feasible task even for an inexperienced craftsman.
In the process of work, you need to follow a certain sequence of steps.
- Take 2 prepared containers, make a 50 mm (just 2 inches) hole on one side of each container. Place the containers side by side so that the holes on the sides match.
- Next, you need to take a PVC pipe, insert a piece of suede into it so that it completely covers its length. Then you need to insert a pipe into the holes so that it becomes the connector of the two containers. To clarify, the holes should be at the very bottom of the containers.
- Take the electrodes and connect them with an electrical wire.
- The alligator clips need to be connected to the wire that is connected to the electrodes, as well as to the power system (remember, it can be 12 or 14 V).
- All that remains is to place the electrodes in containers and turn on the power.
When the power is turned on, the electrolysis process starts. After about 2 hours, the water will begin to spread into different containers. In one container, the liquid will acquire a brown tint (which one depends on the amount of impurities), in another, the water will be clean, alkaline, absolutely suitable for drinking.
If you want, you can attach small taps to each container to make it easier to remove water. Agree, such a device can be made with minimal costs – and time, too.
Option with bag
This method can be called “old-fashioned”. We need to find a material that does not allow water to pass through, but conducts current. An example would be a piece of fire hose sewn up on one side. The task is to ensure that the “living” water in the bag does not mix with the water around it. You also need a glass jar that will serve as a shell.
You put the makeshift bag in a jar, pour water into both the bag and the container. The liquid level should not reach the edge. The ionizer must be placed so that the negative charge is inside the impenetrable bag, and the positive charge is, accordingly, outside. Next, the current is connected, and after 10 minutes you will have 2 types of water: the first, slightly whitish, with a negative charge, the second, greenish, with a positive charge.
To develop such a device, of course, we need electrodes.
If you follow the full version of the “old-fashioned” method, then these should be 2 plates of food-grade stainless steel. Experts advise turning on such a homemade ionizer through a differential protection device (it’s worth looking for).
Silver device
There is another option - a homemade hydroionizer that will work on precious metals, on silver. Regular consumption of water enriched with silver ions helps kill harmful microorganisms in the human body. The principle remains simple: any item made of silver must be connected to the plus, and the minus to the power source.
To enrich the liquid with silver, 3 minutes is enough. If you need an option with a higher concentration of precious metal, the water is ionized for 7 minutes. Then you need to turn off the device, mix the liquid thoroughly, and leave it in a dark place for 4 hours. And that’s all: water can be used for both medicinal and domestic purposes.
Important! It is impossible to store silver-enriched liquid in the sun: silver, when exposed to light, falls out in the form of flakes at the bottom of the container.
If we describe what exactly is needed for such ionization, it will still be the same short list of elements that make it possible to carry out a fairly simple chemical reaction.
Ionization on silver is possible with the participation of:
- anode;
- cathode;
- two plastic containers;
- rectifier;
- conductor;
- elements of silver and copper.
The cathode is a conductor for the negative pole, respectively, the anode is for the positive. The simplest anodes and cathodes are made from sinkers. Plastic containers are chosen because plastic does not undergo electrolysis. The connection diagram is very clear: water is poured into a plastic container, but it is not topped up to 5-6 cm. Copper and silver shavings are first poured into the container. The anode and cathode are installed, the conductor is installed (it does not contact the anode/cathode), the plus is connected to the anode, and the minus to the cathode. The rectifier turns on.
That's all - the process has started: the ions of precious metals passed through the conductor into a plastic container with a cathode, and volatile compounds of non-metals went into a container with an anode. Some copper and silver shavings may be destroyed during electrolysis, but the remainder is suitable for a new reaction.
It is interesting that silver water is not only generally beneficial to the human body - it enhances the effects of antibiotics, for example, it negatively affects Helicobacter (the one that is a real threat to the gastrointestinal tract). That is, such water, when it gets inside the body, resists the negative processes occurring in it, but does not affect the favorable microflora and does not remove it. Therefore, dysbacteriosis does not threaten people who use silver water.
The choice is yours - a homemade ionizer or a product from the store shelf. The main thing is that it is correctly compiled, functions properly and brings you undoubted benefit.
