Homemade reverse gearbox for walk-behind tractor

Every owner, owner of a plot, always wants to process it in the best possible way, but for this he needs to have a good mechanism for processing; small tractor or walk-behind tractor. It can be purchased if sufficient funds are available. What if they don't exist yet? There is an exit!

You can design a mechanical unit yourself—a minitractor—to work in your garden, plot, or field. What is needed for this?

ability to make a walk-behind tractor;
machine parts;
tools for work.

If you need help, then on the Internet you can find a lot of suggestions and tips on how to make a walk-behind tractor with your own hands.

Definition of a gearbox and its purpose

The most important part of the walk-behind tractor is the gearbox. This is the main drive of the entire mechanism with which the agricultural unit operates. It is important for the owner to know that the life of the walk-behind tractor depends on the gearbox, so you need to choose a high-quality, reliable mechanism.

The purpose of the gearbox is to convert and transmit torque, which is generated from a mechanical transmission and thereby makes the machine mechanism work.

Angular reverse gear unit

This is one of the effective gearboxes. Its task is to ensure that the transmission is connected to the engine. The owner can improve the angular gearbox himself, which will help increase the power of the gearbox. The mechanism consists of:

generator housing;
flange;
flange mounting;
keys and steel washer;
pulley fastening;
a pulley that has a V-belt drive;
rotor shaft;
flange bearing.

To design a bevel gearbox, you don’t need a lot of knowledge. Even minimal skills in its manufacture are acceptable here.

Motor cultivator, power, reverse, engine hours.

Questions are ripe when choosing:

How necessary is reverse and in what cases?
What power should I use to attach the plow?
Is 1500 hours a lot or a little?
Which gearbox is better/more durable? Chain or worm?
Has anyone used MasterYard?

Well, in general, what are the features and what to look for when choosing?

AliBaba wrote: what to look for when choosing

What volume of work are you planning? Maybe it makes sense to think between a walk-behind tractor/motor-cultivator?

6 acres and with a break of a couple of days the same amount, and then, accordingly, then all sorts of hilling and so on.

The indicated engine life is confusing. at MasterYard. B&S 1200 and Subary 2500, although if you do the math, 12000 should be enough for 10 years with such volumes

How necessary is reverse and in what cases?

It’s better with reverse, but you can do it without it if you have the skills that you will acquire after cursing yourself a thousand times for not taking it with reverse.

What power should I use to attach the plow?

Better at least 6 l/s. But we must take into account that this is a plow for a walk-behind tractor; a cultivator is not suitable for this (it’s too light).

Is 1500 hours a lot or a little?

Enough for your life.

Which gearbox is better/more durable? Chain or worm?

Has anyone used MasterYard?

plowman Thanks for the answer to the point

AliBaba wrote: “answer to the point”

Why is it in quotes? Or were you expecting a “dissertation” (substantiation, links, technical documentation) in response?

This was written as a definition/quote and not as irony. So to speak, a standard expression.

Well, clearly, I hoped to think so too. With coming.

plowman wrote: Better at least 6 l/s. But we must take into account that this is a plow for a walk-behind tractor; a cultivator is not suitable for this (it’s too light).

In my opinion, forces are not as important as mass.

valerich wrote: Not only forces are important, but mass.

Dear Valerich! Happy New Year to you personally! Mass, weight, lightness-heaviness, it’s clear what is meant.

Does anyone have any opinions about the MASTERYARD engine? what is this?

However, the engine there is a LONCIN LC170F 212CC Gasoline engine, although its resource and suitability could not be found on the Internet.

plowman wrote: Quote: Posted by AliBaba

Which gearbox is better/more durable? Chain or worm? I think chain.

But do not accidentally confuse it with a belt one; many imported cultivators, even with 5-6 l/s engines, have belt gearboxes (maybe they are of super quality, but for me this is surprising).

And here we found a little about LONCIN.

It remains to find out what kind of engine the Robin Subaru EP 16 is then.

Nobody really said anything.

Subaru EP is a normal engine, an amateur one, like a Honda GC. If you don’t carry the cart 15 km there and back every day, it will last for a very long time.

plowman wrote: But don’t accidentally confuse it with a belt one; many imported cultivators, even with 5-6 l/s engines, have belt gearboxes (maybe they are of super quality, but for me it’s surprising).

There are no such gearboxes. There is a belt drive.

plowman wrote: many imported cultivators, even with 5-6 l/s engines, have belt gearboxes

Please show me at least one of many.

andrexS wrote: There are no such gearboxes.

AlNik54 wrote: please show me.

I won't show you, I'll name you. Efco MZ, Craftsman, Eurosysems, Viking and many others. A very narrow gearbox, made of sheet steel (tin), non-separable, the halves are rolled and the seam is sometimes covered with plastic; a belt drive is used in the gearbox.

the plowman wrote: I won’t show you, I’ll name you. Efco MZ, Craftsman, Eurosysems, Viking and many others. A very narrow gearbox, made of sheet steel (tin), non-separable, the halves are rolled and the seam is sometimes covered with plastic; a belt drive is used in the gearbox.

You must be joking? These cultivators use a chain.

Talk nonsense carefully, trying not to spill it. Nonsense is good when it is complete!

the plowman wrote: I won’t show you, I’ll name you. Efco MZ, Craftsman, Eurosysems, Viking and many others. A very narrow gearbox, made of sheet steel (tin), a belt drive is used in the gearbox.

you confuse the concepts of gearbox and transmission

A gearbox is a mechanism consisting of gear or worm gears, made in the form of a separate unit, and used to transmit rotation from the engine shaft to the shaft of the working machine. The kinematic drive diagram may include, in addition to the gearbox, open gear drives, chain or belt drives. (With)

For example, the Efco MZ 2085R has a primary transmission that is a belt and a secondary transmission that is a chain.

Description of reduction and gear drive

The reduction gearbox serves to reduce the number of revolutions and maximize power. This type of gearbox is the most reliable and powerful because it has a special cooling system that is used to cool the air, so walk-behind tractors can withstand heavy loads and can perform a variety of functions. When plowing, even large blocks are not an obstacle for them.

The gear reducer has the simplest device. The transmission of this mechanism is the transmitter between the engine and the wheels. The advantage of the gear reducer is its simple and reliable operation.

Engine and support systems

Most users of walk-behind tractors have to deal with four-stroke air-cooled gasoline engines. These engines have the following systems to ensure their operation:

A fuel supply system designed for preparing the air-fuel mixture, consisting of a fuel tank with a tap, a fuel hose, a carburetor, and an air filter.
A lubrication system that ensures lubrication of rubbing parts.
A starting mechanism (starter) designed to spin the crankshaft. Many engines are equipped with an easy starting mechanism that reduces starting force by using a device on the camshaft that opens the exhaust valve during the compression stroke, thereby reducing compression in the cylinder as the crankshaft spins. Heavy walk-behind tractors are sometimes equipped with electric starters powered by batteries. Some models have electric and manual start. The latter is used as a backup.
A cooling system that removes heat from the engine cylinder block by a flow of air forced by the flywheel impeller as the crankshaft rotates.
An ignition system that ensures uninterrupted sparking at the spark plug. A rotating flywheel with a magnetic shoe induces an emf in the magneto, which is converted by an electronic circuit into electrical signals supplied to the spark plug. As a result, a spark jumps between the contacts of the latter, igniting the air-fuel mixture.

The gas distribution system is responsible for the timely entry of the air-fuel mixture into the engine cylinder and the release of exhaust gases. The gas distribution system includes a muffler designed for targeted release of exhaust gases and noise reduction.

Let us note that engines are sold with all its systems, and if you have an idea to make a walk-behind tractor with your own hands, then the purchased engine will already have a gas tank, an air filter, a starter, etc., for example here (it’s only better to buy via the Internet store, because in a regular store of this chain the price may be higher).

The figure below shows the Honda GX series engine, model GX200 QX4, widely used in domestically produced walk-behind tractors. The power of the unit is 5.5 hp. It has a horizontal crankshaft and a higher compression ratio, ensuring efficient fuel combustion and low carbon deposits.

Reverse mechanism

In a reverse drive, the clutch is located between bevel gears, which are located on the main shaft. This device has a name: a reversing circuit, which is not at all complicated.

The advantage of this equipment is to reverse, which is often very necessary for the car in various situations. Of course, this system does not provide the possibility of obtaining high speeds, but this is not a big drawback.

So, having examined the types, structure and operating principle of various gearboxes, we come to the conclusion that it is possible to make them yourself at home.

Self-assembly of the stroke reducer

Having all the necessary spare parts, you can begin assembling the speed reducer with your own hands. In order for the finished structure to cope well with its functions, you should act strictly according to the algorithm described below:

First, make all the necessary calculations so that the result of the work is a well-balanced design. As a generator, you can take an element from the domestic Ural motorcycle;
The main thing that is required from the device is high power and stable torque;
Next, start cutting out the shell of the two bearings that will be needed for the drive shaft. It will start the gear. When working, take into account the diameter of the gearbox;
Then you need to decide on the bearings. The flange must be located on the opposite side of the gearbox. There should be a metal washer inside it;
Next, install the driven shaft on which the gear will sit. The product must be connected to the rotary generator shaft and transmission mechanism;
Finally, you will need to secure the pulley to the driven shaft using a spring nut and washer.

Having made the creeper, it will need to be tested. To check the device, it should be connected to the hitch of the unit, and the wheels for the cultivator should be installed. If you did everything correctly, the wheels will spin slowly, while the cultivator itself will be pressed to the ground.

When choosing wheels for a motor cultivator that will work in tandem with a speed reducer, you need to pay great attention to their diameter. There is no need to choose too large parts so as not to load the unit’s motor

Wheels with a diameter of 25 to 30 cm will be optimal.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n_GAGsHClog

If homemade devices are planned to be used in conjunction with other attachments, for example, for a plow, then the creepers must have sufficient power to press the equipment to the soil. Be sure to take this into account when preparing spare parts for the manufacture of the device.

A creeper for a motor-cultivator is used at high speeds of the motor-cultivator, when it is necessary to reduce it to a speed effective for cultivating the land. Creepers are best used when working with additional trailed equipment, trailers, hilling soil and removing snow.

Making a reverse gear manually

Now the main task: how to make your own gearbox for a walk-behind tractor so that the engine is powerful and reliable? To simplify the work in the manufacture of the mechanism, you can take a ready-made sample, for example, from Dnepr or Ural motorcycles. The following details must be present:

ruler and calipers;
straight and oblique screwdriver;
metal file;
pliers, wire cutters;
hammers and vices of different sizes;
rubber gaskets, preferably several different ones.

First you need to prepare the housing for the reverse gearbox. A two-inch fitting elbow works well for this. You can make it yourself; to do this you need to weld a body of metal plates.

They also use a generator shaft from a Ural motorcycle. It is simply masterfully refined. Gears for the gearbox can be used from the Druzhba chainsaw. Remove the end stop in one of the shafts, then drill a hole of the required diameter. It is important to remember that to perform this work you must have all the necessary tools, since the quality of the drive depends on this.

Mount the other gear shaft, along with bearings and its cage, into the gearbox housing on the opposite side. And already on the output shaft the owner must install a pulley that ensures rotation using a V-belt drive. Finally, bearings - fans - are attached to the hood frame using welding.

This is how you can design a small tractor for your household yourself with minimal investment.

How to do it?

Enthusiastic craftsmen assure that a simple gearbox for a walk-behind tractor can be straightened with your own hands in a home workshop. To do this, you need to have a certain set of tools and more or less skills in working with them.

You will need:

ruler and caliper;
a set of different screwdrivers;
hacksaw;
pliers and wire cutters;
vice;
hammer;
welding machine if necessary;
spare parts and consumables (oil seal, rubber gasket, bolts, gears, chain or belt, bearing, shafts).

Of course, sketches are needed for construction. Therefore, if you lack the skills to build them yourself, you can turn to ready-made ones from the Internet or specialized magazines.

If the converter is created on the basis of an existing old one, then first you should disassemble it, remove unnecessary parts and modify it.

If the gearbox is assembled from scratch, the housing must first be made. For these purposes, a fitting angle or metal plates that are welded together are suitable. Its size should easily accommodate all planned gears and pulleys.

By the way, gears and shafts can be removed from an old chainsaw.

Next, you need to calculate the gear ratio. It is necessary to select the number of gears and the length of the shafts. Usually they take the number of idle revolutions of the crankshaft as a basis and add 10 percent to it .

A simple homemade gearbox uses two opposing shafts. On one side there is a gear in which a hole needs to be drilled, on the other there is a shaft complete with a race and bearings. Next, the output shaft is mounted on the pulley. In this case, you must remember to insulate the shafts with oil seals so that the oil does not leak.

The assembled structure is inserted into the housing, into which lubricant or oil is poured. The converter is connected to the motor. Then the setting is carried out, for which the mechanism is launched.

You should pay attention to ensure that all parts are not deformed or warped.

The device does not need to be overloaded during testing; the components must break in and establish mutual action. Only after checking and eliminating all defects can the gearbox be used for work.

To learn how to make a gearbox for a walk-behind tractor with your own hands, see the following video.

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Diagram of a gearbox assembled from parts of a decommissioned car

This gearbox is assembled from parts of the main drive of the GAZ-69 vehicle. The bevel gears rotate from the drive sprocket, which is mounted on the shank. The torque is then redirected to one of the two driven gears, which rotate in bearings numbered 206 on the spline shaft. At the right time, the gear that engages with the reverse sleeve on the central spline of the shaft works. Then the cardan transmits the movement to the differential or the drive wheel of a mechanical vehicle.

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And the final important point for owners of walk-behind tractors or mini tractors. When purchasing a mechanism, price also plays an important role, because cheap units are mostly equipped with non-separable gearboxes. Such mechanisms are unreliable for long-term operation. If necessary, this gearbox cannot be repaired, disassembled or reassembled, or parts replaced. It is made of low quality metal, its parts are not gelled.

Expensive units are equipped with gearboxes that can be disassembled, which allows for gearbox maintenance and repairs. Like any other mechanical vehicle, it needs constant rechecking, repair, and updating, and the gearbox must be constantly inspected and monitored. From time to time it is necessary to carry out diagnostics of the mechanism to prevent breakdowns in the future.

When purchasing, it is more profitable to buy a more expensive gearbox, because it will serve you longer.

The pride of many summer residents is a homemade walk-behind tractor, assembled with their own hands from parts that have served their age. Installing an electric motor or a small gasoline motor from an old scooter or motorcycle onto a frame with wheels is not difficult even for a novice amateur mechanic. But what you have to think about is the gearbox for the walk-behind tractor.

Manufacturing of a reversible gearbox

If you want to build a unit at your own discretion, then you cannot do without a borrowed housing. It is impossible to do it yourself outside of factory conditions. The material used is cast iron or aluminum alloy. The body is produced using special equipment.

To make a reversible gearbox at home, you need to start with the housing. If it was not possible to select from other mechanisms, then it can be built from a gas pipe with thick walls with an outer diameter of 2.73 cm. Internal components: axles, gears.

A homemade reverse unit can actually be assembled from the elements that make up the main gear on a used GAZ-69 car. Hubs, bushings for reverse, sprockets, rod, fork are machined from metal. 45 steel is suitable for this. Finished parts must be hardened. You should be very careful in the manufacture of cams on the hubs, as well as reversible bushings, since they will be subject to increased dynamic loads. The drive and driven gears must be isolated from each other by a gasket, the thickness of which can be adjusted to the degree of their pressing.

Walk-behind tractor design

Schemes for assembling homemade walk-behind tractors are as varied as the spare parts in each owner’s garage. Dimensions are also chosen for practical reasons.

With different compositions and dimensions, there are required elements:

The frame is a durable structure for attaching other parts.
Wheels - from homemade metal to factory-made rubber. The position of the wheel or wheelset axle is fixed relative to the frame by iron struts with pressed-in bearings.
Engine - power from 5 to 10 horsepower. You can even use an electric motor with a battery, but the most popular are engines from a scooter or motorcycle. This choice is good because it has a ready-made speed control and even a transmission device.
Gearbox is a unit for transmitting rotation from the engine to the actuator, converting speed and direction.

But the first gearbox you come across may not be suitable. You need to choose the type of structure, calculate the size of each part, so that the speed and power of movement of the mounted cultivator allows you to cultivate the land in a convenient mode - neither quickly nor slowly.

Walk-behind tractors with a gear reducer and a reduction gearbox for a walk-behind tractor

A reduction gearbox for a walk-behind tractor, in common parlance a speed reducer, is installed on modern air-cooled diesel and gasoline walk-behind tractors. Thanks to this, the user can use the walk-behind tractor on particularly heavy soils for plowing and digging up potatoes. The reduction gear helps with wheel slipping when there is not enough own power.

Motoblocks with gear reducer

To understand what a gear reducer is, let’s look at the structure of the transmission. It transmits torque from the engine to the wheels, and changes the speed and direction of movement of the walk-behind tractor. The transmission consists of a gearbox, differential, gearbox and clutch. Transmission units can be gear, chain, belt, or a combination of one or the other. The gear transmission consists of bevel and spur gears (gear reducer). It is used on some models of cars and heavy walk-behind tractors. The figure shows the gear transmission of the Ugra NMB-1 walk-behind tractor, which uses a gear reducer.

Types of gear units

The transmission of rotational motion from the motor shaft to the actuator shaft can be carried out by direct connection of the axes, if the speed and power of rotation of the engine are acceptable for operation, and the axes of the drive and driven shafts coincide. Such cases are extremely rare, and with several attachments for different purposes, direct transmission absolutely cannot be used. To match the speed and power of the drive and driven shafts, 4 types of mechanisms and their combinations are used. Main types of gears:

The worm gear is structurally limited by the speed-reducing function; the rest can be used in both downshifts and overdrives. In addition, such a gearbox always has a driven axis perpendicular to the drive shaft. This scheme is called an angular gearbox. In addition to the worm gear, you can change the direction of the axis using a spatial planetary mechanism. Belt and chain drives keep the driven axis parallel to the engine axis. In simple devices, reverse is possible only when the rotation of the engine changes.

Motoblocks use engines with a high number of revolutions per minute, which can be verified in the product data sheet. This means that you need to make a gearbox with your own hands to reduce the speed, and it is better to choose what type of homemade gearbox for a walk-behind tractor, knowing the characteristics of each type.

Belting

The pulley or belt that transmits rotation from shaft to shaft is familiar to every motorist who has looked under the hood of the engine compartment. The rotation speed reduction coefficient is determined by dividing the radius of the small driven wheel by the radius of the large driving wheel.

The advantages of belt gearboxes are their ease of manufacture and repair, and a wide variety of parts. And the disadvantages of the belt:

belt stretching, decreased adhesion to the pulley due to temperature and wear;
slippage during sudden increases in torque;
short service life.

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The shortcomings are compensated by using a spring-loaded roller that presses on the surface of the belt between the wheels, and by using a toothed belt on pulleys with transverse chamfers. Belt gearboxes require the drive and driven pulleys to be in the same plane; bending or twisting the belt will quickly lead to it breaking.

Chain type

The operating principle of a chain drive is similar to a belt drive, but sprockets are installed instead of pulleys, and the belt is replaced by a chain. Such a homemade gearbox will not allow slipping, and under similar conditions it will work much longer.

Just like a belt gearbox, a chain gearbox must have drive and driven sprockets in the same plane, and its gear ratio is calculated by the ratio of their teeth. The weight of this design is greater than that of a belt design, but it is safer to install it on powerful walk-behind tractors.

Unlike a belt drive, a chain drive requires caution or additional protective measures. If a rotating implement collides with a thick root in the soil, its drag force will be transferred to the motor, possibly damaging it. Until the engine fails or switches off, it will try to rotate with maximum power along with the frame around the driven axis of the gearbox. The greater the engine power, the stronger the tipping torque will be.

The gear ratio of a chain gearbox can be higher than that of a belt gearbox of the same size, since the drive sprocket, even having a small size, will not allow the chain to slip.

In terms of cost, ease of assembly, and prevalence of parts, a chain drive is not inferior to a belt drive.

Using gears

A walk-behind tractor with a gear reducer is more reliable and durable than one with a chain or belt drive. Gear structures are installed on factory products, and not only on walk-behind tractors. The units are small in size as a result of combining two gears with different diameters on one axis. For a walk-behind tractor, for example, a gearbox from an Ant scooter is perfect. But you can make your own using gears from motor vehicle gearboxes.

The required gear ratio can be provided by a planetary mechanism, in which satellite gears are installed between the outer and sun gears, mounted on a fixed ring - the carrier:

For a reduction gearbox, the sun gear is mounted on the drive shaft. The planetary gear carrier is mounted on a stationary housing, and the outer gear is connected to the actuator, rotating in the direction opposite to the sun gear.

The gear ratio of such a gearbox can be calculated as the ratio of the number of teeth on the sun gear to the number of teeth on the external gear.

To change the direction of the axis of rotation in gearboxes, a spatial planetary mechanism is used, in which the gears, in order to change the direction by 90 degrees, must be beveled to a cone of 45 degrees each. The diameter of the gears can be different, which can be used to change the gear ratio.

For a walk-behind tractor, such an angular gearbox is rarely made by hand, since planetary gears of the required size still need to be looked for. Changing the axis of rotation is often done using ready-made factory gearboxes or a worm pair.

Worm-gear

To change the direction of the rotation axis perpendicularly and create a large gear ratio, contact of a flat gear with an Archimedean screw is used.

Transmission of rotation from the actuator to the motor is not possible. This is a unique feature of the worm gear; other types of gears do not have this property. The output rotation speed can be reduced by as many times as the number of teeth the gear has. This transmission is distinguished by its ease of assembly, high friction, small size, and great popularity.

In order to make a worm gearbox with your own hands, you need to select a gear with a number of teeth equal to the reduction in rotation speed in times, as well as with a pitch between the teeth equal to the pitch of the worm flange.

Reversing mechanism

The presence of a reversible transmission mechanism simplifies work in the fields, but an amateur can only do reverse at home with an electric motor. The difficulties lie in the inclusion of an additional transmission element in the circuit with the possibility of its precise movement and reliable fixation. To do this, you will need to break the existing connection with the engine, and insert a new element into the gap, be it another pulley with a belt, a sprocket with a chain, or a gear. Such restoration conversions require parts manufactured with the precision of professional machines.

In this case, it is more practical to install a factory reversible gearbox. For example, from a car with a manual transmission.

Equipment

Converters are either collapsible or non-dismountable. Basically, the latter type can often be found in the configuration of budget walk-behind tractors. They feature inexpensive spare parts that cannot be replaced. In the event of a breakdown, there is only one way out - replace the entire gearbox. The service life of such models declared by the manufacturers is 1-2 seasons, provided they are used correctly.

More expensive equipment can boast of a dismountable gearbox that can be repaired: failed parts can be replaced with new ones. Therefore, the service life is several times longer compared to inexpensive devices.

The converter package consists of:

Cases - collapsible or not.
The rotor shaft is responsible for torque.
Gears of different sizes.
Chain or belt - depends on the type of gearbox. In the case of a chain transmission, movement occurs due to sprockets - star-type disks. If the transmission is belt driven, then the equipment has pulleys on which the belt is put.
Bearings - reduce friction between rotating elements and ensure their free rotation.

Through these components, movements are transmitted from the motor to the attached parts. Belt converters are weaker and unreliable. If the torque is high, then the belts begin to fly off the pulleys. But such a structure has a positive effect on the engine shaft. This situation can be avoided by replacing them with gear ones. But then you will have to change the pulleys too.

All parts are located inside the case. In addition to the installed set of components, you can also add elements for lubrication of bearings inside the device. These include an oil pump or a cooling device.

DIY gearbox assembly

The operation of walk-behind tractors, and with them gearboxes, means dust, off-road conditions, heat when plowing or cold when clearing snow, uneven loads. You can extend the life of the transmission mechanism by using a closed housing.

Homemade reduction gearbox for a mini tractor, its assembly

The design of a mini tractor is a mechanism that must be designed so that it can cope with a number of tasks such as cultivating soil, clearing terrain, harvesting grass, etc.
In particular, for plowing the land, the speed reserve is very important, as well as the power of the unit, and therefore a necessary element of the circuit is the gearbox. It is located between the gearbox and the clutch parts and consists of gears that mesh with each other. The type of factory or home-made reduction gearbox for a mini tractor depends on its operating efficiency, as well as its ability to overcome difficult terrain conditions, so you need to be very careful when choosing a model and installing it.

Features of the gearbox and its influence on the design of the mini tractor

In most cases, a minitractor that was not assembled at the factory, but independently, is equipped with a gearbox from suitable equipment (walk-behind tractor, motorcycle) or is also made by hand. If you take a ready-made part, then you only need to take into account the correct gear ratios and install it; the second option is more difficult. As a rule, in order to make a homemade gearbox for a mini tractor, a ready-made housing is taken: it is not possible to make it yourself, since in the factory it is made from cast iron or alloys containing aluminum using special equipment. Shafts and gears should be selected taking into account the load on the finished spare part, and bearings, seals and fuses should be selected according to the design.

Reducing gearbox for a mini tractor: possible breakdowns

As a rule, if used incorrectly or worked in difficult conditions, this part may fail for the following reasons:

Excessive physical stress, as a result of which shafts and gears can overheat in spare parts, and gear teeth can break. In the latter case, the breakdown can be diagnosed due to characteristic shocks in the chassis area and the inability to reduce the speed to the desired level.
Improper care or lack thereof. Inspection of a mini tractor also includes checking the main parts related to the wheelbase and engine, so gearbox faults will be detected fairly quickly.
Incorrect selection of consumables: lubricants, etc.

Assembly of a reduction gearbox: what needs to be taken into account?

When designing a homemade reverse gearbox for a mini tractor, you should first take into account a number of details:

The rated power required by the device.
Torque.
Gearbox installation angle.
Number of revolutions per minute.
Load on the shafts of the spare part along the axis and radius.
Limits of temperature arising during operation.
Type of lubricant required.
Switching cycle (full or variable).

conclusions

In a homemade mini tractor, controllability is very important, which is directly affected by the number of speeds and the ability of the mechanism to switch between them.

The ability to sharply reduce speed to a minimum and increase power is the task of a reduction gearbox, and its installation is mandatory if the minitractor is intended for cultivating soil or removing loose and hard materials from the surface (for example, removing snow, leaves, grass, etc.).

When installing this part, it is important to calculate the load on it and the capabilities of the tractor after that, since an incorrectly selected or incorrectly installed gearbox will not allow the machine to develop its capabilities to the fullest.

Video

The operation of a homemade reverse gearbox is shown in the video.

The principle of operation of a homemade walk-behind tractor gearbox

The simplest design of a two-shaft reversible gearbox for a homemade walk-behind tractor consists of two shafts on one of which (this is the driven shaft) a gear and a sprocket for a chain drive are permanently installed, and the second shaft (the drive shaft of a homemade walk-behind tractor gearbox) consists of two parts connected by a gear coupling with rectangular teeth . A gear is also installed on one part, and a chain sprocket is installed on the second. The upper shaft in the photo is the lever for engaging the gear coupling of the gearbox reverse. The principle of operation of the reverse gearbox of a homemade walk-behind tractor: rotation of the drive shaft (the longest shaft in the photo, sticking out towards us) is transmitted through the gear to the driven shaft, the clutch is turned off, the chain drive is idling, the driven shaft rotates in the opposite driving direction. To transmit unidirectional rotational motion, a chain drive is used; for this, the lever pushes the drive shaft gear out of engagement and moves it to the left until the rectangular teeth of the coupling engage, which connects the two parts of the drive shaft to reverse the gearbox of a homemade walk-behind tractor and then the rotation is transmitted through a chain drive to the driven shaft (the closest see us in the photo)

Gearbox for a walk-behind tractor: do it yourself (homemade), what kind of oil to fill?

The design of modern walk-behind cultivators involves the presence of only a few main parts, allowing the walk-behind tractor to be as easy to use as possible.

And if there are no questions about such details as cutters or a plow, then the gearbox for a motor-cultivator is a topic of interest for discussion among users of motor-cultivators.

Owners often ask questions about what kind of oil to pour into a walk-behind tractor gearbox or even how to make a gearbox themselves. The attention paid to aspects of using the walk-behind tractor gearbox does not cease for a second.

What is a gearbox (regulator, converter)?

A gearbox is a mechanism that is used to convert torque and then transmit it to the machine shafts. The means of controlling this process are mechanical transmissions. In fact, the gearbox is that part of the walk-behind tractor, the quality of which determines how long the walk-behind tractor will serve you.

Homemade gearbox for walk-behind tractor

Types of converters for walk-behind tractors

After gardening machinery became widespread, it became necessary to optimize different types of machinery for different purposes. This trend could not but affect the regulator.

In the assembly of walk-behind tractors in the budget segment, as a rule, non-separable gearboxes are installed.

Naturally, such units are cheap for the manufacturer, because the materials from which they are made are of low quality.

The service life of such devices tends to be approximately one season, after which the regulator can be sent for scrap.

This is not surprising, because they are not collapsible, because they have a closed structure that cannot be repaired, and each breakdown leads to a complete replacement of the mechanism. In turn, collapsible converters are installed on mid- and premium-class cultivators.

Homemade gearbox for walk-behind tractor

Of course, the materials from which their mechanisms are made are much more resistant to various types of deformation; they are also able to withstand aggressive environments without reacting with them, and as a result, are not subject to corrosion.

But the main advantage of collapsible converters is their constant readiness for repair in the event of failure of one or more parts of the walk-behind tractor gearbox.

Is it worth mentioning that gear oil is used in accordance with its type and quality of its performance.

In summary, we highlight the following types of converters:

angular;
downward;
gear;
reverse

Gearbox of the Neva MB-2 walk-behind tractor

The angle converter is used in mechanical engineering; it can be found in some cars or even industrial equipment, for example, in factories. Its presence in the walk-behind tractor design makes it possible to use the device under heavy loads.

This converter is suitable for those types of cultivators where the transmission and engine are connected with the expectation of a chain.

A buck converter is sometimes called a speed reducer (colloquial form). Its main purpose is to add power when, for example, the wheels begin to slip while plowing potatoes. It is used in buildings with gasoline and diesel walk-behind tractors, the engines of which are cooled by air flows.

Gear converters are used in the systems of heavy walk-behind tractors or even cars. Since the transmission consists of a gearbox, differentials and the regulator itself, and its components are presented in the form of gears, belts, etc., the gear transmission uses this converter based precisely on the features of its structure.

Walk-behind tractor gear chains

Reverse got its name thanks to the reversing scheme, with the help of which converters of this type received their main trump card over other types, namely, the ability to use reverse gear in a walk-behind tractor. By the way, reverse is not highly productive and will not be able to provide your cultivator with high operating speeds.

Do-it-yourself gearbox for a walk-behind tractor

Enthusiastic farmers are wondering: how to make a geared walk-behind tractor with your own hands? The question is relevant, since making such a miracle from materials and parts available on the farm is sometimes easier and cheaper than purchasing a regulator assembled by the manufacturer at the factory.

Indeed, in the “invention” of the converter there are no super complex manipulations, and a tool made on a walk-behind tractor with your own hands always serves correctly, however, first of all, you should acquire some tools :

screwdrivers (straight and oblique type);
hacksaw (for metal);
pliers or pliers;
vice;
some other tools and consumables, the presence of which one way or another may be needed during the assembly process.